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The context for the explosion question. The diagram illustrates how the array of porthole observers can be used to measure the distance between the locations at which the explosions occur. During the interviews, students were not shown this diagram—instead, the interviews were used to explore the extent to which students could spontaneously generate such procedures and/or the amount of prompting necessary to help them do so.
Published: March 2023
FIG. 7.2 The context for the explosion question. The diagram illustrates how the array of porthole observers can be used to measure the distance between the locations at which the explosions occur. During the interviews, students were not shown this diagram—instead, the interviews were used More about this image found in The context for the explosion question. The diagram illustrates how the arr...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... the spatial separation between the locations of two events that occur at the two ends of an object as equal to the length of that object; and treat some events, whose existence is supposed to be frame-independent, as if they occurred in one frame but not in others ( Scherr et al., 2002 ). The nature...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
.... , “ Fundamental of swapping phenomena in naturally occurring gas hydrates ,” Sci. Rep.   8 , 1 – 10 ( 2018 ). 10.1038/s41598-018-34926-2 Park , Y. , Kim , D. Y. , Lee , J. W. , Huh , D. G. , Park , K. P. , Lee , J.   et al. , “ Sequestering carbon dioxide into complex structures...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... of research teams because who does the research impacts all facets of the research from what research questions are asked and how data are collected to what analysis occurs. This includes not only the positionality of the researcher or research team but also the complex power dynamics that may exist...
Images
PL and PLE spectra at 10 K in the β-Ga2O3 substrate where the PLE spectrum shows an absorption peak at ∼4.8 eV (bandgap) and PL shows an emission peak at ∼3.3 eV, revealing a Stokes shift of 1.5 eV from the PLE peak. The peak at ∼3.3 eV is predicted to occur due to the recombination of conduction-band electrons with STHs (Yamaoka and Nakayama, 2015).
Published: February 2023
to occur due to the recombination of conduction-band electrons with STHs ( Yamaoka and Nakayama, 2015 ). More about this image found in PL and PLE spectra at 10 K in the β-Ga2O3...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_017
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... that they need. Assessment as learning also emphasizes using assessment as a process of developing and supporting metacognition for students who occurs when students personally monitor what they are learning and use the feedback from this monitoring to make adjustments, adaptations, and even major changes...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_025
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... In this section, we describe the different purposes of interviews in PER, and how the specific purpose can guide the methods employed. The amount of prompting and the directness of the prompting that occurs in an interview vary according to the practices and goals of the researchers. At one extreme, the only...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_012
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... Metaphysics ( 1998 ). Philosophical atomism survived in Epicureanism ( Lucretius, 1951 ). In the Enlightenment Age (1650s onwards), there occurred a mutual and intensive interaction that helped to advance both fields, which itself represented an upheaval in Western thought, science and society ( Kuhn, 1957...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_017
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... the next level of problem-solving desired by the instructor and within the student's zone of proximal development. Fading is the gradual reduction of scaffolding, coaching, and modeling with respect to the specific knowledge being constructed (e.g., Heller and Heller, 2010 ). Fading occurs when...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_009
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... treatment of questions about the Nature of Science (NOS) occurs due to its harmony with speeches of groups and political agents that have raised them, a phenomenon that demonstrates that citizens have become concerned with them. As a result, science became popular in a way many did not expect. Much...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... all active quests (learning objectives) have been completed and before the player moves to the following learning material or phenomena, an analysis of all actions taken during the quests would occur, following a quick questionnaire of the likeness of the gaming elements. Afterwards, the adaptation...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425613_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2561-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2560-6
... “critical load” circuits operating during utility outages. When an outage occurs, the unit disconnects from the utility and powers specific circuits of the load. If an outage occurs in daylight, the PV panels can assist the load in supplying the loads ( El Chaar, 2011 ). Problem Statement and Solution...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_012
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... as a collaborative interaction in that individuals (or groups of individuals) who have contrary claims justify their own positions while rebutting those of others. However, argumentation does not need to be adversarial (i.e., it can occur between agreeing individuals who hope to better understand the relationship...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
.... Their approach, which is informed by an epistemological perspective, first attempts to establish a need for the energy framework to make sense of changes occurring within systems. A core feature of this approach is so-called “energy chains,” representations that identify the systems that are involved in simple...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_012
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
..., the complexity of dynamics, settings, audiences, as well as the fact that terminology across the field is not standardized ( Lemke et al., 2015 ; and Garibay and Teasdale, 2019 ), especially across different contexts. While informal physics education occurs around the world under different labels...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... temperature. The presence of M2 phase was observed along with the R phase indicating coexisting phases at different temperatures. Similarly, the evolution of the M1 (020) peak is shown in Fig. 4.2(b) . It was observed that the transition from M1 to R occurred through M2 during heating, which was induced...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_015
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... points in a wide spectrum of situations that can occur in educational practices. Such varieties complicate the analysis of the relationship between curricula and textbooks. According to Knight (2019) , textbooks include the body of knowledge that students are required to learn, have all the relevant...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... conceptual changes commonly occur during instruction in optics. Students' ideas are described as clusters of “facets-of-knowledge” ( Galili, 1996 ). However, conceptual change is not seen as a global change of the knowledge of a domain, but as smaller changes of individual facets. These facets...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425613_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2561-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2560-6
... systems are subject to different varieties of failures that can involve all PV system components such as PV modules, cabling, protections, converters, and inverters. Faults are mainly due to external operating conditions ( Mellit et al., 2018 ). It is well known that faults occurring in PV...