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momentum

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(a) Gradient force between evanescently coupled freestanding waveguides ( C...
Published: March 2023
FIG. 7.11 (a) Gradient force between evanescently coupled freestanding waveguides ( Cai et al., 2012 ) resulting in bending. (b) Radiation pressure-based actuation using momentum transfer from reflected photons in a Fabry–Perot cavity to study the coupling of optomechanical effect with mechanical motion/vibration ( Kippenberg and Vahala, 2008 ). (c) Electrically and optically heated hot-arm cold-arm type actuator ( Serrano and Phinney, 2008 ). More about this image found in (a) Gradient force between evanescently coupled freestanding waveguides ( C...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... Predictability of impact on a diffraction/interference experiment Position and momentum as incompatible properties An atom is not like a solar system An electron in an atom (orbit vs smeared charge cloud) A quantum particle cannot possess a precise position at any time and cannot be attributed...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... phenomena, it also brings up the atomic structure of matter and special relativity into student learning from the beginning of the course ( Chabay and Sherwood, 1999 ). In mechanics, these are the Momentum Principle (Newton's second law in its more general form), the Energy Principle, the Angular Momentum...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
.../interference experiment Position and momentum as incompatible properties An atom is not like a solar system An electron in an atom (orbit vs smeared charge cloud) A quantum particle cannot possess a precise position at any time and cannot be attributed to a trajectory (electron do not move...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
...-dependent terms make explicit contributions to the energy and momentum densities, whose origin remains unclear. It is not very obvious how the pressure within the medium, in the presence of a fluid's bulk motion, gives rise to these terms. Singal (2020) attempted to understand how the fluid's bulk motion...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... momentum). Topic area Learning outcome Related variables Hardware used Software acquisition and analysis Reference Dynamics : Linear momentum Understand the physics of momentum v, F Force plate logger sensor, camera, PC Neulog ( Neulog Data Acquisition and Analysis...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_019
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... MCT R1 R2 Mechanic Baseline Test (MBT) Force, kinematics, energy, momentum High school, Introductory college MCT R3 Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) Force, kinematics, energy High school, Introductory college MCT R4 Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... = ma Torque τ = Linear momentum p = mv Angular momentum L = Work W = Fs Work W = τθ Kinetic energy E k = ( 1 2 ) m v 2 Kinetic energy E k = ( 1 2...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_011
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
...-dimensional topological insulators, which possess metallic edge states with insulating bulk, are another landmark in this field ( Behnia, 2012 ). Quantum valleytronics that uses energy minima at different values of crystal momentum has also been proposed as an alternative for spin-based logical bit. Despite...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_017
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... definitions, without revealing much additional information described by other semantic levels. Ingec (2009) used concept mapping as an assessment method and aimed to determine teacher candidates’ knowledge about understanding the concepts of impulse and momentum by comparing and contrasting their concept...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
...-conceptualizing not only the teaching and learning of energy but the teaching and learning of physics as a whole, requiring for example to re-conceptualize force as momentum flow ( Herrmann, 2000 ). Accordingly there has been a somewhat impassioned discussion around the KPC (e.g., Herrmann, 2001 ; Strunk...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... incomplete understanding of single-particle dynamics. The particulate model of pressure is related to the change in momentum of gas particles as they collide with container walls; however, this idea was not well understood by students. About 30% of the introductory students and 20% of the intermediate...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_012
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... with new concepts that are incompatible with older ideas. Feyerabend (1993 , p. 212) stated: “In 1962, I called theories such as those containing [medieval] “impetus” and “momentum” incommensurable theories.” Here his incommensurability corresponds to questions and concepts that have meaning only...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_018
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... , 2011a , 2011b ; and Ding et al., 2013 ). In the M&I mechanics course, the linear momentum principle, energy principle, and angular momentum principle are introduced as the three fundamental topics ( Chabay and Sherwood, 2004 ; and Ding et al., 2013 ). In the electricity...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... that the magnetic force can violate Newton's third law . We know of no research on the related issue of students' understanding of linear momentum in electric and magnetic fields ; nor have we found any research on energy and angular momentum in electromagnetic fields . We have not encountered any research...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_009
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... ) [refer, also, to the recent reviews ( Drgoňa et al., 2020 ; and Maddalena et al., 2020 ) for a comprehensive review of building modeling for MPC]. Physics-based models are models derived based on first principles, i.e., mass, energy, and momentum balances, and are usually represented...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_021
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... of phenomena in various disciplines. For example, the conservation of momentum (HS-PS2-2, NGSS, 2013 ) is important for understanding the molecular origin of pressure and osmotic pressure, since the pressure on a surface (or a semi-permeable membrane) is caused by collisions between molecules...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_010
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... to omit), and a plan for finding the relevant unknown variable. A course that presented these explicit strategies through worked examples in lecture and through homework solutions led to better student identification of relevant physics principles on problems and better recall of energy and momentum...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425743_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... the process performance. A time-dependent distributed model that couples the continuum model at bulk with the particle model can be used to describe the AER process. The model consists of gas-phase mass, momentum and energy balances as well as particle diffusion-reaction within the particles and is described...
Book
Book Cover Image
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2