..., a thorough understanding of scaling laws is necessary for understanding the behavior of miniaturized devices such as micro-mechanism or micro-machines ( Basu and Saha 2020 ; and Basu et al., 2021c ). From a designer's point of view, Scaling laws help to correctly predict the effects...

... for micro-scale electromagnetic energy harvester ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   104 ( 5 ), 053901 ( 2014 ). 10.1063/1.4863565 Lu , Y. , Cottone , F. , Boisseau , S. , Marty , F. , Galayko , D. , and Basset , P. , “ A nonlinear MEMS electrostatic kinetic energy harvester for human...

... cases. The frequency up-conversion technique can be more significant in the design of micro-scale energy harvesting devices, in which the resonance frequency of the structure can be at the level of 1 kHz, while the ambient vibration frequency is generally below 100 Hz. Lu et al. (2015...

... with small form factor ( Basu et al., 2019f , 2019g ). A way to scale down MEMS devices toward a reduced form factor with better packing density of devices has also been sought through the implementation of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) devices ( Basu et al., 2021b...

..., generally a microscopic one and a larger one, often mesoscopic. For example, it is difficult to make sense of micro-actions (verbal or other) in relation to classroom activities insofar as the same micro-action can have different functions (or goals). An analysis at a higher scale is needed to determine...

... – 738 ( 2020 ). 10.1007/s00542-019-04586-x Bai , Y. , Tian , J. , Lin , Z. , You , M. , Liu , J. , and Wang , X. , “ Development of a high throughput micro-heater array with controllable temperature for each heating unit ,” Microsyst. Technol.   26 ( 3 ), 787 – 792...

... in the presence of analytes in low concentration ( Basu et al., 2021a , 2021b ). The present biosensing technology with a micro/nano cantilever-based platform can satisfy these requirements of multiple target detection with high sensitivity and low analyte concentration ( Adreeja et al., 2017...

... ,” in 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) ( IEEE , 2019 ), pp. 919 – 921 . Eichenfield , M. , Camacho , R. , Chan , J. , Vahala , K. J. , and Painter , O. , “ A picogram- and nanometre-scale photonic-crystal optomechanical cavity...

... of an overarching definition. To overcome the first pitfall, we outlined methods such as macroscopic force analogies and computational realizations (e.g., of micro-level electrostatic interactions) for “releasing” these core concepts from their physics boundedness. For the second pitfall, we claimed that defining...

.... J. , and Gopalakrishnan , S. , Micro and Smart Systems: Technology and Modeling: Technology and Modeling ( Wiley Global Education , 2012 ). Basu , A. K. , Basak , A. , and Bhattacharya , S. , “ Geometry and thickness dependant anomalous mechanical behavior of fabricated Su...

... ). 10.1007/s10825-018-1174-0 Wautelet , M. , “ Scaling laws in the macro-, micro- and nanoworlds ,” Eur. J. Phys.   22 ( 6 ), 601 – 611 ( 2001 ). 10.1088/0143-0807/22/6/305 Yamane , D. , Sun , W. , Fujita , H. , Toshiyoshi , H. , and Kawasaki , S. , “ Development...

.... A. and Jindal , S. K. , “ Novel design for performance enhancement of a touch-mode capacitive pressure sensor: Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation ,” J. Comput. Electron.   17 ( 3 ), 1324 – 1333 ( 2018 ). 10.1007/s10825-018-1174-0 Wautelet , M. , “ Scaling laws in the macro-, micro...

...-connected PV system comes in different sizes, i.e., about 50 Wp for one small module, about 0.5 to 4 KWp for a small scale, about 4 to 100 KWp for a medium scale, about 0.1 to 100 MWp for a large scale, and about above 1 GWp for a very large-scale PV ( van Sark, 2012 ). On the other hand, the stand-alone...

... MC sensor used for NH₃ sensing. (g) Micro-gravimetric sensing curve of the C-MSNs decorated MC sensor to NH₃ vapor at various concentrations in the range of 5–300 ppb. The inset shows the relationship between NH₃ concentration and sensing response, which follows...

.... , Teranishi , R. , and Kaneko , K. , “ Understanding of scanning-system distortions of atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy images for accurate lattice parameter measurements ,” J. Mater. Sci.   55 , 8123 – 8133 ( 2020 ). 10.1007/s10853-020-04602-w Fujitsu , S...

... for large scale reconfigurable silicon photonics ,” in 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) ( IEEE , 2019 ), pp. 919 – 921 . Eichenfield , M. , Camacho , R. , Chan , J. , Vahala , K. J. , and Painter , O. , “ A picogram...

... populations: Validity and reliability issues ,” Phys. Ther. Rev.   15 ( 3 ), 135 – 142 ( 2010 ). 10.1179/1743288X10Y.0000000004 Basu , A. K. , Basak , A. , and Bhattacharya , S. , “ Geometry and thickness dependant anomalous mechanical behavior of fabricated Su-8 thin film micro...

... power systems can be divided into (1) domestic solar PV power systems and (2) commercial solar PV power systems. From the point of view of capacity, they can be classified into three main categories: (1) small-scale (up to few kW), for example, roof-top and building integrated plants, (2) commercial PV...