FIG. 8.15 Closed-loop system under proportional control for a linear process. The set-point and its comparison with the measurement are not represented in this diagram, but the set-point for x is 0. More about this image found in Closed-loop system under proportional control for a linear process. The set...

FIG. 8.16 Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −3 with a depolarizing noise parameter of 0.05 in the simulation labeled “Quantum, Noise,” with 1 shot. More about this image found in Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −3...

FIG. 8.17 Closed-loop input trajectories under P control with K = −3 with a depolarizing noise parameter of 0.05 in the simulation labeled “Quantum, Noise,” with 1 shot. More about this image found in Closed-loop input trajectories under P control with K = −3...

FIG. 8.18 Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −2 with a depolarizing noise parameter of 0.05 in the simulation labeled “Quantum, Noise,” with 1 shot. More about this image found in Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −2...

FIG. 8.19 Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −3 with a depolarizing error parameter of 0.05 in the simulations labeled “1 Shot, Noise” and “10 Shots, Noise.” These two simulations use 1 shot and 10 shots, respectively. More about this image found in Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −3...

FIG. 8.20 Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −3 with a depolarizing error parameter of 0.05 in the simulations labeled “0.05, Noise” a depolarizing error parameter of 0.005 in the simulations labeled “0.005, Noise,” and a depolarizing error parameter of 0.0005 in the simulations labeled “0.0005, Noise.” 1 shot is used in all cases. More about this image found in Closed-loop state trajectories under P control with K = −3...

FIG. 10.4 Closed-loop simulation results under the proposed OASIS-based MPC for (a) temperature and (b) concentration. More about this image found in Closed-loop simulation results under the proposed OASIS-based MPC for (a) t...

FIG. 11.4 The closed-loop operation framework. More about this image found in The closed-loop operation framework.

FIG. 12.4 Schematic flow diagram of the proposed closed-loop operation of hydraulic fracturing processes ( Siddhamshetty et al., 2018 ). More about this image found in Schematic flow diagram of the proposed closed-loop operation of hydraulic f...

FIG. 11.14 The snapshots of the cell wall thickness at different time instances during closed-loop control. More about this image found in The snapshots of the cell wall thickness at different time instances during...

FIG. 9.4 (a) The transition from the loop-out state to the loop-in state for the activation segment of MEK1. (b) and (c) Convergence check. (b) The paths at different TAPS iterations for MEK1 are mapped to a two-dimensional space obtained by multidimensional scaling (MDS). The accumulated sampling time for each iteration (perpendicular sampling and targeted MD) is highlighted by a different color. (c) Convergence of the optimization processes for MEK1 is measured by the progress of 〈 z 〉 along the accumulated sampling time. The black and green lines denote two different reference paths: initial path (black) and final path (green), respectively. Convergence time is highlighted by a red dashed line. (d) Sample distribution in all windows of the umbrella sampling along the PCV-s for MEK1. The initial 10 ns of sampling trajectory was disregarded, and only the last 30 ns of sampling was used for WHAM analysis. (e) Free energy landscape along the final path for MEK1 revealed by umbrella sampling. The important intermediate state (IS) and transition state (TS) are defined based on the free energy landscape. Structures of loop-out state/loop-in state and ISs and TSs are displayed by VMD ( Humphrey et al., 1996 ). Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Xi et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 17 (8), 5301–5311 (2021). Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. More about this image found in (a) The transition from the loop-out state to the loop-in state for the act...

FIG. 6.4 Experimentally measured local piezoelectric displacement curves using pFM tip for (a) tetragonal, (b) mixed phase (tetragonal + rhombohedral), and (c) pure rhombohedral BFO films and (d)–(f) corresponding strain hysteresis loops obtained from the simulations. Effective d₃₃ for each condition is calculated from the slope of the linear part of the butterfly loop. More about this image found in Experimentally measured local piezoelectric displacement curves using pFM t...

FIG. 21.3 Screenshots of the MAGNA AR visualization tool, superimposing the magnetic field vectors around a bar magnet (left) and around a current-carrying loop (right). Retrieved from https://www.magna-ar.net More about this image found in Screenshots of the MAGNA AR visualization tool, superimposing the magnetic ...

FIG. 4.41 (a) SQUID loop. (b) Flux transformer coil. More about this image found in (a) SQUID loop. (b) Flux transformer coil.