... development regarding radiation. In the “Light and Spectroscopy Inventory” ( Bardar et al., 2006 ), several test items measure university students knowledge about electromagnetic radiation, including x-, radio-, IR- and UV-radiation. The “Heat and Energy Concept Inventory” ( Jacobi et al...

... limits the content focusing on physics ideas that are relevant to pre-service teachers in an everyday context, promoting reasoning about phenomena related to magnetism, static electricity, energy, electric circuits, pushes and pulls, waves, light and color, and physical and chemical changes. Content...

... standpoint theories (considering also the related but independent field of intersectional studies). They introduce researchers to the conceptual foundations of these fields, and address common critiques in the light of continued controversy over their contributions. Critical race theory has been developed...

...optical angular momentum vortex solitons photorefractive crystals photonic lattice ordinary and extraordinary polarization of light surface solitons semi-discrete solitons light bullets quasi-solitons Anderson localization 2D Vortex Solitons Stabilized by Virtual Photonic Lattices...

... theoretically, as summarized in Chap. 3, only few experimental observations of stable solitons in settings of this type have been published. The creation of stable fully three-dimensional spatiotemporal solitons (stable “light bullets”) supported by a saturable or competing (e.g., CQ) local nonlinearity...

... here, was introduced, in a different context, by Silberberg (1990) under the name of LBs (light bullets). It is relevant to mention that it was also proposed to create spatiotemporal localized states, emulating LBs, in various linear optical media. However, linear states cannot support a steady...

... called “light bullets” (LBs), following Silberberg (1990) ], stable 3D solutions of Eq. ( 1.30 ) of this type, as well as clusters of such LBs, were reported by Gopalakrishnan et al. (2021). The number of LBs created by Eq. ( 1.30 ) depends on initial conditions, while the LB’s peak power...

...Introduction Nanophotonics has emerged in recent years as the branch of science capable of connecting conventional optics with nanoscale phenomena. The key feature enabling this convergence is the ability of nanosized photonic objects to confine light within volumes comparable to or smaller than...

... of visible and near-infrared wavelengths. This allows analysis of an almost endless range of materials. This includes cloth fibers, serum, paper, drugs, synthetic materials, and explosive materials. Visualization of bullet paths. Trying to reconstruct a shooting scene is aided by being able to trace...

... of electrons for many years (e.g., atmospheric lightening and static electricity), our ability to controllably produce small numbers of electrons did not happen until about 1880, when Thomas Edison, while trying to improve the performance of incandescent light bulbs, observed (and patented) what he...

... converters, control software, optimization of counterweights, and cabin lighting can yield significant savings ( Kwatra and Essig, 2014 ; and Pederick, 2014 ). New elevators provide efficiency gains of about 30%–40% compared with buildings with older lifts ( Gifford, 2010 ). Researcher Patrick Bass writes...