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FIG. 10.3 (a) Low magnification TEM images on BT-CFO, (b) high magnification image of CFO/BCZT interface, (d) BCZT/CFO interface, and (c) and (d) magnified image of (b) and (e), respectively, showing lattice fringes across the interface. More about this image found in (a) Low magnification TEM images on BT-CFO, (b) high magnification image of...

FIG. 13.5 Elementary students paint traditional indigenous images on a ceremonial drum at Niji Mahkwa School, Canada. More about this image found in Elementary students paint traditional indigenous images on a ceremonial dru...

FIG. 6.9 Structure of a DCNN for IR image classification topic. More about this image found in Structure of a DCNN for IR image classification topic.

FIG. 6.10 (a) Thermal camera (FLIR One), (b) PV array, and (c) IR thermography image of the PV array. More about this image found in (a) Thermal camera (FLIR One), (b) PV array, and (c) IR thermography image ...

FIG. 4.5 (a) AFM topography images of VO₂ nanplatelets taken during heating from 50 to 61 °C ( Tselev et al., 2010a ); (b) schematic shows the relationship between the unit cells of monoclinic (M1) and tetragonal phase (R); and (c) bright field optical microscope image More about this image found in (a) AFM topography images of VO₂ nanplatelets taken during heati...

FIG. 4.7 (a) Optical image of VO₂ beam with one side clamped on quartz substrate ( Fan et al., 2009 ); (b) optical image of VO₂ beam on bending from the edge, shows initiation of phase transition (arrow marked) ( Fan et al., 2009 ); and (c) force v/s More about this image found in (a) Optical image of VO₂ beam with one side clamped on quartz su...

FIG. 5.2 HRTEM image of PZT/SRO interface ( Jia et al., 2007 ) showing the measured lattice parameters in the film and substrate. The thick arrow denotes the interface. d_IL and d_IS are the shift parameters as defined in Fig. 5.3(c) . Reproduced More about this image found in HRTEM image of PZT/SRO interface ( Jia et al., 2007 ) show...

FIG. 5.5 (a) Schematic illustration of ZnO bicrystal specimen and (b) HRTEM image of the GB in a ZnO bicrystal ( Sato et al., 2007 ). More about this image found in (a) Schematic illustration of ZnO bicrystal specimen and (b) HRTEM image of...

FIG. 5.6 (a) ADF-STEM image of an undoped ZnO [0001] Σ49 GB, (b) stable atomic arrangement obtained by simulation, and (c) schematic illustration highlighting the arrangement of SUs. Inter-atomic distance map for the SU arrangement of (d) β-α-bulk, (e) α-β-bulk More about this image found in (a) ADF-STEM image of an undoped ZnO [0001] Σ49 GB, (b) stable atomic arran...

FIG. 5.7 ADF-STEM image of Pr-doped ZnO [0001] Σ49 GB and (b) inter-atomic distance map obtained from a stable atomic arrangement for the undoped GB by first-principles calculation ( Sato et al., 2009 ). The yellow open circle in (b) indicates the location of Pr segregation, as observed in (a). More about this image found in ADF-STEM image of Pr-doped ZnO [0001] Σ49 GB and (b) inter-atomic distance ...

FIG. 5.9 Schematic image of REBCO coated conductor. More about this image found in Schematic image of REBCO coated conductor.

FIG. 5.12 Cross-sectional STEM images of YBCO with BZO [(a)–(d)] and strain maps determined by peak-pairs analysis of cross-sectional STEM images [(e)–(i)] ( Llordés et al., 2012 ). (a) and (b) Low-magnification and high-magnification image showing the bending of YBCO planes around BZO More about this image found in Cross-sectional STEM images of YBCO with BZO [(a)–(d)] and strain maps dete...

FIG. 5.14 (a) Multi-frame averaged STEM image of silicon measured with [110] zone axis and histogram of inter-atomic distance along the (b) x and (c) y direction ( Yankovich et al., 2014 ). The scale bar in (a) is 400 pm. The error bars in (b) and (c) are the square More about this image found in (a) Multi-frame averaged STEM image of silicon measured with [110] zone axi...

FIG. 5.15 Schematic illustrations showing the image distortion correction scheme ( Sang and LeBeau, 2014 ; Dycus et al., 2015 ; Fujinaka et al., 2020 ; and Sato et al., 2020 ). (a) Intended scanned region, distorted scanned region due to scanning system, distorted More about this image found in Schematic illustrations showing the image distortion correction scheme ( Sa...

FIG. 5.17 (a) ADF-STEM image and (b) Ti-ion displacement map of SrTiO₃. (c) ADF-STEM image and (d) Pb-ion displacement map of PMN–PT. (e) ADF-STEM image and (f) Pb-ion displacement map of PMN. In (b), (d), and (f), the color and direction of the arrow indicate the direction More about this image found in (a) ADF-STEM image and (b) Ti-ion displacement map of SrTiO₃. (c...

FIG. 5.18 DF-TEM images of (a) microdomain band and (b) lamellar-like nanodomain in PMN–PT. (c) In the schematic illustration of nanodomains in (b), a–d denote the domains of four different crystallographic orientations. (d) Selected-area diffraction pattern measured More about this image found in DF-TEM images of (a) microdomain band and (b) lamellar-like nanodomain in P...

FIG. 5.21 (a) ADF-STEM images and (b) lattice parameter (c) maps under 0 kV/cm and ±13.8 kV/cm. (c) Relationship between Δa and electric field and (d) relationship between Δc and electric field ( Sato et al., 2020 ). Δa and Δc correspond More about this image found in (a) ADF-STEM images and (b) lattice parameter (c) maps und...

FIG. 7.8 RSM image of LSMO layer of ∼20 nm and BFO layer of ∼20 nm in which both are expected to be relaxed from that of the substrate lattice constant and possess the strain relaxed lattice constant. More about this image found in RSM image of LSMO layer of ∼20 nm and BFO layer of ∼20 nm in which both are...

FIG. 7.10 (a) The out-of-plane, (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO with tetragonal phase grown on LSMO∼2 nm, and (c) the corresponding out-of-plane domain contrast obtained from the phase field modeling indicating only 〈001〉 polarization dominating the domain pattern. More about this image found in (a) The out-of-plane, (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO w...

FIG. 7.11 (a) The out-of-plane (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO with mixed phase (rhombohedral + tetragonal) grown on LSMO∼10 nm and (c) the corresponding out-of-plane domain contrast obtained from phase field modeling, indicating the components apart from 〈001〉 polarization More about this image found in (a) The out-of-plane (b) in-plane phase contrast image obtained from BFO wi...