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..., whereas they (a and c) were substantially different in the film [Fig. 5.3(a) ] owing to the spontaneous lattice distortion of a ferroelectric phase. It was also clarified that the lattice distortion was a function of the distance from the interface. Within a few atomic layers from...

...Raghunathan, R., “First principles modeling of strain induced effects in functional materials,” in Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices, edited by R. Ramadurai and S. Bhattacharyya (AIP Publishing, Melville, New York, 2023), pp. 2-1–2-30. Introduction In our day-to-day...

...Bekiroglu, F. O., “The relationship between alternative assessment and physics learning from the perspective of different functions of assessment,” in The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics, edited by M. F. Taşar and P. R. L. Heron (AIP Publishing...

... and functional domains of intertwined properties. Strain engineering through processing methods and its role in microstructure and property relations. M. P. Gururajan Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India J. Arout Chelvane Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy...

...Ramadurai, R. and Bhattacharyya, S., “Strain engineering in crystalline solids,” in Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices, edited by R. Ramadurai and S. Bhattacharyya (AIP Publishing, Melville, New York, 2023), pp. 1-1–1-22. Introduction This chapter introduces...

... Media , 2013 ). Nagy , Á , “ Density functional. Theory and application to atoms and molecules ,” Phys. Rep.   298 ( 1 ), 1 – 79 ( 1998 ). 10.1016/S0370-1573(97)00083-5 Newnham , R. E. , Properties of Materials: Anisotropy, Symmetry, Structure ( Oxford University Press...

... and breathing distortions in charge-ordering perovskite oxides ,” Phys. Rev. B   88 , 054101 ( 2013 ). 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.054101 Becke , A. D. , “ Perspective: Fifty years of density-functional theory in chemical physics ,” J. Chem. Phys.   140 , 18A301 ( 2014 ). 10.1063/1.4869598...

... as bulk and (b) surface periodic (diperiodic) structure that has undergone transformation and results new 2D surface superstructure (b₁ × b₂) that carries the same symmetry as bulk. FIG. 3.4 Variation of Gibb's free changes as a function of nucleus radius (r...

... James , H. M. , “ Energy bands and wave functions in periodic potentials ,” Phys. Rev.   76 , 1602 – 1610 ( 1949 ). 10.1103/PhysRev.76.1602 Khan , M. A. , “ AlGaN multiple quantum well based deep UV LEDs and their applications ,” Phys. Status Solidi Appl. Mater. Sci.   203 , 1764...

..., d_II and d_II^∗. The Fermi-energy level lies between π^∗ and d_II^∗, thus forming a bandgap, as shown in Fig. 4.3(d) . The electronic exchange function assumed spin-pair electrons as one particle. The electrons in the d...