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Schematic of typical Ga-faced HEMT device structure. A nucleation layer is grown on the substrate for accommodating lattice mismatch. 2DEG is formed at the interface of the AlGaN/GaN interface on the GaN side. Thin GaN is formed at the top to make better contact.

Schematic of typical Ga-faced HEMT device structure. A nucleation layer is ...

in Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures > Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.18 Schematic of typical Ga-faced HEMT device structure. A nucleation layer is grown on the substrate for accommodating lattice mismatch. 2DEG is formed at the interface of the AlGaN/GaN interface on the GaN side. Thin GaN is formed at the top to make better contact. More about this image found in Schematic of typical Ga-faced HEMT device structure. A nucleation layer is ...
Images
(a) The distribution of three MacEtch-formed β-Ga2O3 structures. 45°-tilted and cross-section SEM micrographs of MacEtch-formed β-Ga2O3 structures with (b) and (c) pyramid, (d) and (e) trapezoid-like, and (f) and (g) blade structures. (h) Height, top width, pitch and (i) angles between upper and lower sidewall (angel 1) and top plane and upper sidewall (angle 2) of β-Ga2O3 vertical structures produced by MacEtch.

(a) The distribution of three MacEtch-formed β-Ga2O3 ...

in Etching of β-Ga2O3 > Ultrawide Bandgap β-Ga2O3 SemiconductorTheory and Applications
Published: February 2023
FIG. 9.8 (a) The distribution of three MacEtch-formed β-Ga2O3 structures. 45°-tilted and cross-section SEM micrographs of MacEtch-formed β-Ga2O3 structures with (b) and (c) pyramid, (d) and (e) trapezoid-like, and (f) and (g) blade structures. (h More about this image found in (a) The distribution of three MacEtch-formed β-Ga2O3 ...
Images
XPS characterization of surface with planar (unetched) and MacEtch-formed structures. (a) XPS survey scan. (b) O/Ga ratio of different β-Ga2O3 structures extracted through the O 1s and Ga 3d peak intensity.

XPS characterization of surface with planar (unetched) and MacEtch-formed s...

in Etching of β-Ga2O3 > Ultrawide Bandgap β-Ga2O3 SemiconductorTheory and Applications
Published: February 2023
FIG. 9.9 XPS characterization of surface with planar (unetched) and MacEtch-formed structures. (a) XPS survey scan. (b) O/Ga ratio of different β-Ga2O3 structures extracted through the O 1s and Ga 3d peak intensity. Reprinted with permission from Huang et al More about this image found in XPS characterization of surface with planar (unetched) and MacEtch-formed s...
Images
Schematic drawings showing (a) nonlinear I–V characteristic of ZnO varistor and (b) DSB formed at a GB.

Schematic drawings showing (a) nonlinear I–V...

in Microscopic-Strain-Related Phenomena in Functional Oxides > Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 5.4 Schematic drawings showing (a) nonlinear I–V characteristic of ZnO varistor and (b) DSB formed at a GB. More about this image found in Schematic drawings showing (a) nonlinear I–V...
Book Chapter

Assessment Practices in Interactive Physics Class: Explicating Theories and Applications

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_018
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... relationships with reformed pedagogies. However, it is difficult (if not at all impossible) to cover every important aspect of educational assessment within a chapter. It would be remiss of us not to set up a clearer boundary for demarcating formative assessment and summative assessment in our discussion...
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Images
Band diagrams of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for HEMT. Strained AlGaN is grown pseudomorphically on relaxed GaN. A positive polarization charge (+σ) is induced at the interface, which attracts electrons and forms 2DEG.

Band diagrams of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for HEMT. Strained AlGaN is ...

in Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures > Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.20 Band diagrams of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for HEMT. Strained AlGaN is grown pseudomorphically on relaxed GaN. A positive polarization charge ( + σ ) is induced at the interface, which attracts electrons and forms 2DEG. More about this image found in Band diagrams of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure for HEMT. Strained AlGaN is ...
Book Chapter

Energy

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... entropy as a means to govern the distribution of energy. Now, that the principle of energy conservation was explicitly formulated, the energy concept's success story could finally take off. Quickly, the idea(s) of kinetic, potential, and internal energy established themselves, and many forms of potential...
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Electronic structures of (a) monoclinic and orthorhombic LaVO3 in bulk form as well as under strain and (b) different GB structures.

Electronic structures of (a) monoclinic and orthorhombic LaVO3 i...

in First Principles Modeling of Strain Induced Effects in Functional Materials > Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 2.3 Electronic structures of (a) monoclinic and orthorhombic LaVO3 in bulk form as well as under strain and (b) different GB structures. Reproduced with permission from Raghunathan et al., Nano Lett. 14 , 4943–4950 (2014). Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society More about this image found in Electronic structures of (a) monoclinic and orthorhombic LaVO3 i...
Book Chapter

Front Matter

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_frontmatter
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... in a wide range of important topics. The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics includes: Various teaching perspectives including active learning, the modeling method, and teaching environments. Distance/online education, formative and summative assessment...
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Book Chapter

Introduction

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_introduction
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... in a wide range of important topics. The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics includes: Various teaching perspectives including active learning, the modeling method, and teaching environments. Distance/online education, formative and summative assessment...
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Book Chapter

Index

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_index
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... of important topics. The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics includes: Various teaching perspectives including active learning, the modeling method, and teaching environments. Distance/online education, formative and summative assessment, and assessment...
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Images
The Landscape of Physics Education: Decontextualized methods live at high elevations where the learning experience is exhausting and suffocating. The ecosystem is barren, reflecting the sterility of decontextualized physics instruction. When descending along any path, contextualized methods add meaning; water represents that context. Exhibiting many forms—streams, waterfalls, puddles, rivers, and marshes—water acts as a nourishing agent, enriching the learning experience, and as an eroding agent, abrading the foundations of decontextualized methods. At the lowest elevations, physics is fully contextualized. Students learn in democratic spaces where their identities, voices, and agencies are celebrated. Notice how students—our main characters—interact with the landscape at each elevation. Design by Hillary Diane Andales.

The Landscape of Physics Education: Decontextualized methods live at high e...

in New Methodological Approaches Toward Implementing HPS in Physics Education: The Landscape of Physics Education > The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Special Topics
Published: March 2023
methods add meaning; water represents that context. Exhibiting many forms—streams, waterfalls, puddles, rivers, and marshes—water acts as a nourishing agent, enriching the learning experience, and as an eroding agent, abrading the foundations of decontextualized methods. At the lowest elevations, physics More about this image found in The Landscape of Physics Education: Decontextualized methods live at high e...
Book Chapter

Acknowledgments

Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2023
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2574-3
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2572-9
... and which formed the basis for the notation used in Fig. 8.14 . We acknowledge the use of IBM Quantum services for this work. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of IBM or the IBM Quantum team. ...
Book Chapter

The Relationship between Alternative Assessment and Physics Learning from the Perspective of Different Functions of Assessment

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_017
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
..., 2018 ) and encouraged formative assessment. Formative assessment is a formal and informal process that teachers and students use to gather evidence for the purpose of improving learning, while summative assessment is information used to provide evidence of student achievement for the purpose of making...
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Book Chapter

The Interplay between Coherent Instruction and Learning Progressions

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_022
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... be problematic for learners as they move toward more normative understanding ( Minstrell, 2000 ). Facet clusters were developed through collaboration between classroom teachers and assessment researchers and their fundamental purpose was to inform teacher practice by informing formative classroom-based...
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Book Chapter

Epistemic Models of Sensemaking and Reasoning

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_012
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
..., and models. (2) Epistemic forms of sensemaking—the sensemaking processes through which the artifacts are created and used. Our focus here is on mathematical sensemaking, analogical reasoning, and mechanistic reasoning of simple and complex phenomena. (3) Epistemic participation—how students...
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Images
(a) Different operating modes of MC. Two principles: (i) microbalance-modification of resonance frequency (dynamic mode) and (ii) surface stress sensor-modification of deflection (static mode). Reprinted with permission from Dufour and Fadel, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 91(1–3), 353–361 (2003). Copyright 2003 Elsevier. (b) Illustration of (i) bulk and (ii) surface micromachining processing steps forming suspended MCs. In bulk micromachining, the MC structure is directly etched into the wafer, which acts as the sacrificial layer, while in the surface micromachining, the wafer acts as the support and the sacrificial layer, typically SiO2, is fabricated directly on the wafer. Reprinted with permission from Waggoner and Craighead, Lab Chip 7(10), 1238 (2007).

(a) Different operating modes of MC. Two principles: (i) microbalance-modif...

in Emerging Trends in MEMS/NEMS Based Technologies for Gas Sensing Applications > MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Published: March 2023
(2003). Copyright 2003 Elsevier. (b) Illustration of (i) bulk and (ii) surface micromachining processing steps forming suspended MCs. In bulk micromachining, the MC structure is directly etched into the wafer, which acts as the sacrificial layer, while in the surface micromachining, the wafer acts More about this image found in (a) Different operating modes of MC. Two principles: (i) microbalance-modif...
Book Chapter

The Meanings of Physics Equations in the Context of the Interplay between Physics and Mathematics

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_019
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... to the search for mathematical structures ( Zahar, 1980 ). Uhden et al. (2012) argued that Einstein emphasized the mathematical nature inherent in physics. In the process of clarifying the physics of Planck's law of radiation, Einstein used formal analogies comparing the syntactic form of equations...
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Book Chapter

Expectations on Physics Textbooks

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_014
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... of hierarchy. The first level defines the subject to be physics, the second level refers to textbooks and similar terms , and the third level relates to various areas, forms and holders of expectations: physics textbook(s), curriculum material(s), curricular material(s), teaching material(s) author(s...
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Book Chapter

Visual and Argumentative Aspects in Greek School Textbooks and in Teachers' Practices: Glances at the Concept of Periodicity

Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... is an important and open issue ( Dreyfus and Eisenberg, 1980 ). The concept of periodicity is an essential scientific concept because it plays a central role in the school curriculum and is expressed in different educational fields where it acquires practical importance. The students form this concept...
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