...One-photon fluorescence microscopy widefield microscopy light-field microscopy confocal microscopy light-sheet microscopy neuroscience Introduction The development of the one-photon fluorescence microscope traces from the turn of the first millennium past the turn of the second millennium...

...-induced compositional pulling, quantum confined stark effect (QCSE), and structural defects. In contrast to conventionally used fluorescent lights, solid-state lighting (SSL), which can be achieved with light-emitting diodes (LEDs), reduces a significant amount of energy consumption and offers...

...Front Matter This timely and comprehensive book focuses on various analytical techniques used for 2D materials. It explores different characterization techniques to understand the structural features and properties of as-synthesized 2D materials and explores optical microscopy, atomic force...

.... Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX), etc., are the primary characterization tools that follow the principle of electron diffraction. Earlier in 1967, Coates and co-workers collected electron channeling patterns (ECP—changes...

...(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) used as ion-to-electron transducer in all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes ,” Sens. Actuators B   82 ( 1 ), 7 – 13 ( 2002 ). 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00983-2 Velasco-Olmo , A.   , “ Combining patch-clamping and fluorescence microscopy for quantitative...

..., the presence of defects, and vacancies or adsorbed molecules significantly affect these material properties, advanced analytical techniques are essential to address its morphological and functional properties ( Anand et al., 2021 ). Microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron...

... and fluorescence microscopy for quantitative reconstitution of cellular membrane processes with giant suspended bilayers ,” Sci. Rep.   9 ( 1 ), 1 – 12 ( 2019 ). 10.1038/s41598-019-43561-4 van der Helm , M. W.   , “ Fabrication and validation of an organ-on-chip system with integrated electrodes...

...References References Grella , R. , “ Fresnel propagation and diffraction and paraxial wave equation ,” J. Opt.   13 , 367 ( 1892 ). Mondal , P. P. and Diaspro , A. , Fundamentals of Fluorescence Microscopy ( Springer , 2013 ). Pedrotti , F. L. and Pedrotti...

... phase(s) is/are present within a given specimen, though some form of complementary elemental analyses from, e.g., x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are often helpful in attributing peaks to specific phases in novel materials or when characterizing unknowns. Phase analysis often requires access...

...-resolved polarization imaging by pump-probe (stimulated emission) fluorescence microscopy ,” Biophys. J.   79 ( 1 ), 536 – 549 ( 2000 ). 10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76315-6 Burkhardt , M. and Schwille , P. , “ Electron multiplying CCD based detection for spatially resolved fluorescence...

... et al., 2002 ; and Lansford et al., 2001 ). Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement and Microscopy Unlike reflectance or absorption spectra, the fluorescence spectra are more sensitive and specific to detecting the labeled molecules. Because the fluorescence intensity has a linear...

... , P. P. and Diaspro , A. , Fundamentals of Fluorescence Microscopy ( Springer , 2014 ). Rubin , D. M. H. , Klyshko , D. N. , Shih , Y. H. , and Sergienko , A. V. , “ Theory of two-photon entanglement in type-II optical parametric down-conversion ,” Phys. Rev. A   50...

.... One can use traveling wave superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (TW SNSPD) ( Hadfield, 2009 ; and Pernice et al., 2012 ) to achieve a high quantum yield and nanosecond response-time detection for near-infrared weak photons. Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy When observing...

.../ncomms4936 Chakraborty , S. , Nian , F.-S. , Tsai , J.-W. , Karmenyan , A. , and Chiou , A. , “ Quantification of the metabolic state in cell-model of Parkinson's disease by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy ,” Sci. Rep.   6 , 19145 ( 2016 ). 10.1038/srep19145...

... generation microscopy ,” Opt. Express   11 , 3093 – 3099 ( 2003 ). 10.1364/OE.11.003093 Deka , G. , Wu , W. W. , and Kao , F. J. , “ In vivo wound healing diagnosis with second harmonic and fluorescence lifetime imaging ,” J. Biomed. Opt.   18 , 061222 ( 2013 ). 10.1117/1.JBO...