Search Results for equivalence relation

... recognition mediate the effect of gender on physics identity at the end of the second introductory physics course for bioscience majors. There are 27 statistically equivalent models with different predictive relations between the three mediating constructs (self-efficacy, interest, and perceived recognition...

... Fraction, Fuel Consumption, Exceed electricity and CO₂ equivalent emissions. It is worth noting that even though there are objectives without direct relation with photovoltaic systems, the optimization approach takes into account the existing relationship when all renewable energy systems...

... in the context of thermodynamics was crucial to the development of the present understanding of energy in physics. Thermodynamics developed from the question about the nature of heat 3 and how to quantify it. As early as the 17th century, heat was considered to be related to the motion of particles; knowledge...

... generated by the solar cell can be equivalent to an ideal constant current source that does not change with time ( Shi et al., 2016 ; and Burlingame et al., 2019 ). Part of the photo-generated current flowing into the external circuit load (R_L) is defined as current...

... ) emphasized the connections between physics and the biomedical sciences. Going as far back as 1976, a conference on “Teaching physics for related sciences and professions” focused in part on teaching physics to a life science audience ( French and Jossem, 1976 ). However, these resources and ideas were...

... laws take on the same form (i.e., the laws are covariant under coordinate transformations that relate inertial frames), thereby making all inertial frames equivalent under both Galilean and special-relativistic transformations, at least for mechanics experiments. We concur fully with the designation...

... circuit. OFF/ON states with their equivalent circuit are shown in Fig. 6.1 . FIG. 6.1 RF MEMS Ohmic switch in (a) OFF and (b) ON states. These switches operate well in the range of 0–20 GHz and are preferred in switch matrix configurations. Although these are commercialized by some companies like...

... is characterized by the collection of data which is measured numerically and the application of statistical methods to characterize that data and to understand relations in the data. This methodology differs from qualitative methods, which generally collect richer but much smaller data sets which are not amenable...

... coupling were a kind of revival of the field of ME coupling materials. The intertwined properties present in ME-based multiferroics can be visualized in Fig. 7.1 . FIG. 7.1 Schematic of Nye-pyramid like diagram showing various intertwined properties relating polarization, magnetization, and strain...

... consumption (kW) 0.12 … In addition, the exergy of the absorbent regeneration system can be estimated using the following relation ( Kotas, 1995 ): (3.25) E exergy = Q ( 1 − T 0 T 1 ) where Q represents the energy provided by the outside environment...

..., where conceptual difficulties and misunderstandings are often linked to a formal approach, which, in turn, underpins the very nature of the entities involved; second, at secondary school level, in relation to how students acquire a quantum view of phenomena, following specific innovative approaches...

... relations in ferroic materials. As a result, one can produce mechanical strain in these materials with the application of electric field (piezoelectric effect) or thermal field (thermal expansion). Conversely, one can electrically polarize these materials using mechanical load (converse piezoelectric effect...

... related. Concerning doing physics at schools or universities, laboratories play a vital role because they provide the context in which students may actively engage in learning activities to acquire the experiential basis upon which they will build the acquisition of new scientific knowledge and skills...

...Kuo, E., “Two perspectives on physics problem solving and their relation to adaptive expertise,” in The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics, edited by M. F. Taşar and P. R. L. Heron (AIP Publishing, Melville, New York, 2023), pp. 10-1–10-26. Introduction...

..., there are some efforts to evaluate students' SL and compare national performances. For example, PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) is a triennial large-scale assessment for students' performances in relation to SL all over the world ( PISA, 2017 ). It is used to present national...

..., the higher its mean output power and FF and the smaller their standard deviations; and there exists an optimal mean value of the ideal factor and irradiation intensity. Reliability block diagram Reliability block diagrams (RBDs) ( Bilintion and Allan, 1992 ) are used to evaluate the fault-related...

..., electric permittivity, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity ( Nye et al., 1985 ; Newnham, 2005 ; Tinder, 2007 ; Malgrange et al., 2014 ; and Lovett, 2018 ). In general, physical quantities that describe intrinsic physical properties of a crystal defines a cause-effect relation...

... processing project, and its final material and energy conversion efficiencies not only depend on the technical level of the core process, but also is closely related to the key characteristic parameters of the resource itself (such as productivity, reserve, composition, environmental load, etc.). However...

... described in detail. We have used the broadest possible interpretation of subject matter learning and have included, in principle, any thought expressed by a student related to some aspect of electricity or magnetism in a peer-reviewed paper. This chapter thus describes student thought pertaining...