Search Results for direction

FIG. 7.3 Historical direct citation network for the last two decades. More about this image found in Historical direct citation network for the last two decades.

FIG. 7.13 (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal movement of a phase-matched waveguide resulting in different lengths of the coupling region. (b) Possible cross-section views of phase-matched waveguides in a directional coupler showing the change of waveguide More about this image found in (a) Top view of a tunable directional coupler tuned using the longitudinal ...

FIG. 6.3 Dual-Range Force Sensor (left picture) (see: https://www.vernier.com/product/dual-range-force-sensor/ ) and Go Direct Force and Acceleration Sensor (right picture) [available at https://www.vernier.com/product/go-direct-force-and-acceleration-sensor/ ). More about this image found in Dual-Range Force Sensor (left picture) (see: https://www.vernier.com/produ...

valley, thus converting it to direct bandgap (a). Larger compressive strain (>0.32%) change the nature of the bandgap (direct to indirect) (b) ( Gupta et al., 2013a ). More about this image found in The energy gaps measured at Γ and L valley (a) as a functi...

FIG. 3.19 Illustration for spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization-induced sheet charge at the AlGaN/GaN interface for Ga-faced and N-faced growth direction. More about this image found in Illustration for spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization-induced sheet c...

FIG. 5.17 (a) ADF-STEM image and (b) Ti-ion displacement map of SrTiO₃. (c) ADF-STEM image and (d) Pb-ion displacement map of PMN–PT. (e) ADF-STEM image and (f) Pb-ion displacement map of PMN. In (b), (d), and (f), the color and direction of the arrow indicate the direction More about this image found in (a) ADF-STEM image and (b) Ti-ion displacement map of SrTiO₃. (c...

FIG. 3.8 Schematic showing the impact of biaxial strain, which converts the indirect bandgap to the direct bandgap by pulling the center of the Brillouin zone (Γ valley) down to the L valley ( Michel et al., 2010 ). More about this image found in Schematic showing the impact of biaxial strain, which converts the indirect...

FIG. 7.2 (a) Schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell with indication of eight equivalent polarization directions of 〈111〉. (b) The projection of the spin tip on (111) plane of pseudocubic BFO and (c) schematic of the spin cycloidal antiferromagnetic arrangement. More about this image found in (a) Schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell with indication of eight equival...

FIG. 8.10 Microstructural evolution in a thin film system with A_Z = 1. From top left, in the clockwise direction, the microstructures correspond to (non-dimensional) time units: t = 2600, t = 3000, t = 4000, and t = 11 700, respectively. More about this image found in Microstructural evolution in a thin film system with A_Z...

FIG. 8.11 Microstructural evolution in a thin film system with A Z = 1 3 in 3D. From top left, in the clockwise direction, the microstructures correspond to (non-dimensional) time units: t = 100, t = 500, t = 1000, and t = 11 700 for the left More about this image found in Microstructural evolution in a thin film system with A Z = 1 3 ...

FIG. 7.4 (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polarization vector pointing toward [111] direction and the schematic of the PFM tip approaching from the top, (b) out-of-plane phase contrast, and (c) in-plane phase contrast obtained from a PFM for a BFO/STO More about this image found in (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polari...

FIG. 7.5 (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polarization vector pointing toward [001] direction and the schematic of the PFM tip approaching from the top, (b) out-of-plane phase contrast, and (c) in-plane phase contrast obtained from a PFM for a BFO/STO More about this image found in (a) The schematic of the pseudocubic unit cell of BFO indicating the polari...

FIG. 2.2 Typical Hall experiment set up showing direction of the current, I_x and the magnetic field B_z. V_y denotes the Hall voltage. More about this image found in Typical Hall experiment set up showing direction of the current, I...

FIG. 5.14 (a) Multi-frame averaged STEM image of silicon measured with [110] zone axis and histogram of inter-atomic distance along the (b) x and (c) y direction ( Yankovich et al., 2014 ). The scale bar in (a) is 400 pm. The error bars in (b) and (c) are the square More about this image found in (a) Multi-frame averaged STEM image of silicon measured with [110] zone axi...

) Top view showing the longitudinal movement of a directional coupler resulting in a change in optical path length. More about this image found in (a) Strain in the waveguide resulting in a change in the effective index. (...

FIG. 7.17 (a) Homodyne-Michelson-interferometer-based position sensor. (b) Schematic of an out-of-plane actuated directional-coupler-based displacement sensor ( Liu et al., 2020b ). (c) A Fabry–Perot strain sensor ( Niewczas et al., 2003 ) with arrayed waveguide grating More about this image found in (a) Homodyne-Michelson-interferometer-based position sensor. (b) Schematic ...

tunable directional couplers ( Han et al., 2015 ; and Stepanovsky, 2019 ). More about this image found in (a) Strictly non-blocking 2D N × N switch requiring N² single ax...