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(a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical beams, one from the diffraction grating and second from the mirror, which will interfere at the photodetector. (b) SiN nanobeam pair acting as “zipper” photonic crystal optomechanical cavity for accelerometry (Krause et al., 2012). (c) Microdisk coupled to cantilever acting as a force sensor (Doolin et al., 2014). The cantilever can deflect in both out-of-plane and in-plane mechanical modes. This results in the modulation of the disk's optical resonance frequency and is read out optically using a coupled fiber. (d) Split beam nano-cavity torque sensor (Wu et al., 2014) showing the three degrees of freedom. One is out-of-plane rotation of the suspended mirror about the torsion beam, the second is in-plane bending about the torsion beam, and the third is out-of-plane bending of the cantilever mirror.

(a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical bea...

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in Optical MEMS (Microspheres and Ring Resonators): Overview of Recent Progress > MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Published: March 2023
FIG. 7.18 (a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical beams, one from the diffraction grating and second from the mirror, which will interfere at the photodetector. (b) SiN nanobeam pair acting as “zipper” photonic crystal optomechanical cavity for accelerometry More about this image found in (a) Micromachined interferometric accelerometer showing the two optical bea...
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Book cover for The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics

Teaching and Learning Optics at the Secondary Level

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... be described using Maxwell's equations. If the wavelength of the light is small compared to the dimensions of the optical elements of an experimental setup, geometrical optics (ray optics) can be used as a good approximation to describe optical phenomena. This approximation assumes that diffraction...
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Book cover for The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics

Instruments for Diagnosing Students’ Conceptions of Optical Phenomena

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_020
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
.... The results of this study showed that after regular instruction, students have insufficient understanding of polarization and do not understand the role of models or analogies in physics. Geometric optics, light diffraction, and the photoelectric effect with Grade-12 students Hubber (2006) interviewed 6...
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(a) SEM image of a typical microfabricated Si-based cantilever sensor array without any surface modification. Reprinted with permission from Baller et al., Ultramicroscopy 82(1–4), 1–9 (2000). Copyright 2000 Elsevier. (b) Schematic of H2 sensing MC with an integrated Si photonics-based interferometric optical readout. An underlying waveguide allowed portions of the light passing through it to diffract and reflect from the bottom side of the sensing MC back into the waveguide. This resulted in optical interference, which was dependent on the separation distance between the waveguide and the MC. (c) SEM image of the fabricated H2 sensing MC. The inset shows the A–A′ surface profile of the MC as measured by optical profilometry across the length. The location of the Si photonic waveguide is marked by dashed lines. It was hidden under a SiOx planarization layer. Reprinted with permission from Gurusamy et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 281, 335–342 (2019). Copyright 2019 Elsevier. (d) SEM image of the Ni-MOF-74 deposited resonant MC sensor used for CO detection where the material was coated onto the free-end of the MC. (e) Responses of the sensor to various concentrations of CO gas with a dynamic range from 10 ppb to 2.6 ppm. The inset depicts the magnified view of the sensor response to the lowest concentration of 10 ppb. Reprinted with permission from Lv et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 262, 562–569 (2018). Copyright 2018 Elsevier. (f) SEM image of the carboxyl group functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (C-MSNs) loaded resonant MC sensor used for NH3 sensing. (g) Micro-gravimetric sensing curve of the C-MSNs decorated MC sensor to NH3 vapor at various concentrations in the range of 5–300 ppb. The inset shows the relationship between NH3 concentration and sensing response, which follows a Langmuir adsorption isotherm behavior; (h) repeatability test of the sensor to NH3 for three cycles at 120 ppb concentration; (i) selectivity test of the sensor to eight kinds of interfering gases. Reprinted with permission from Liu et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 257, 488–495 (2018b). Copyright 2018 Elsevier. (j) SEM image of the polymer nanocomposite MCs used for explosive vapor sensing. Reprinted with permission from Patil et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 192, 444–451 (2014).

(a) SEM image of a typical microfabricated Si-based cantilever sensor array...

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in Emerging Trends in MEMS/NEMS Based Technologies for Gas Sensing Applications > MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Published: March 2023
with an integrated Si photonics-based interferometric optical readout. An underlying waveguide allowed portions of the light passing through it to diffract and reflect from the bottom side of the sensing MC back into the waveguide. This resulted in optical interference, which was dependent on the separation distance More about this image found in (a) SEM image of a typical microfabricated Si-based cantilever sensor array...
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Book cover for Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices

Strain Engineering of Metal Insulator Transition in VO2

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
...., 2019 ). In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction test was performed on VO2 nanowire to get more insights into crystallographic changes and the phase transition as shown in Figs. 4.2(a) and 4.2(b) ( Sohn et al., 2009 ). In this experiment, VO2 nanowires were...
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References

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
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EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
.... S. , and Zewail , A. H. , “ 4D visualization of transitional structures in phase transformations by electron diffraction ,” Science   318 , 788 – 792 ( 2007 ). 10.1126/science.1147724 Biermann , S. , Poteryaev , A. , Lichtenstein , A. I. , and Georges...
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Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

Optical MEMS (Microspheres and Ring Resonators): Overview of Recent Progress

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... of freedom ( Kudrle et al., 2005 ). Grating coupler, Fabry–Perot filter, diffractive optics, and photonic crystals Waveguide grating couplers, diffraction gratings, waveguide gratings and photonic crystals are periodic structures that can be mechanically tuned by stretching, bending or rotation...
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Recent Progress in Cantilever-Based Sensors: An Overview of Application and Fabrication Techniques

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... be illuminated. The changes in diffraction patterns due to the deflection of the cantilever can give an idea about the tilt and curvature of the cantilever shown in Fig. 3.3 . One of the advantages of this method is that complex optics requirements can be reduced. FIG. 3.3 (a) Diffraction from light reflected...
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Strain Engineering in Crystalline Solids

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_001
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
..., the time-averaged interatomic distance remains unchanged. Most importantly, it restores to the equilibrium value r0 upon relaxation of the strain. The powder diffraction patterns for YBiCO along with the Rietveld refinement are performed at RT (shown in Fig. 1.8 ). Rietveld...
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Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
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Book cover for Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices

Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
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Assessment of Conceptual Understanding in Physics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_019
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... (SGCE) Electric field, electric flux Intro college, University, Graduate level MCT R22 Optics and Waves Light and Optics Conceptual Evaluation (LOCE) Lenses and optics of the eye, light propagation, interference and diffraction, polarization Introductory college, University MCT, Short answer...
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References

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
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EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
.... G. , “ LEDs challenge the incandescents ,” IEEE Circuits Devices Mag.   8 , 24 – 29 ( 1992 ). 10.1109/101.158509 Cullity , B. D. , Elements of X-Ray Diffraction ( Addison-Wesley Publishing , 1956 ). Della Sala , F. , Di Carlo , A. , and Lugli , P. , “ Free-carrier...
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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
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EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... by non-diffracting weber beams ,” J. Opt.   20 ( 12 ), 125401 ( 2018 ). 10.1088/2040-8986/aaea47 Liu , A. , Jones , R. , Liao , L. , Samara-Rubio , D. , Rubin , D. , Cohen , O.   et al. , “ A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor...
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Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... in III-nitride growth. Additionally, the lattice mismatch between QW and barrier layer adds up to overall strain in the active region. Detailed descriptions on the generation of strain and how it impacts LEDs' structural and optical performance in III-nitride systems are given in subsequent sections...
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Book cover for The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics

The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Learning Physics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
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References

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
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EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... ). 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.048 Hermans , R. I. , Dueck , B. , Ndieyira , J. W. , McKendry , R. A. , and Aeppli , G. , “ Optical diffraction for measurements of nano-mechanical bending ,” Sci. Rep.   6 , 1 – 12 ( 2016 ). 10.1038/srep26690 Huard , C. M. , Zhang...
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Book cover for The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics

The International Handbook of Physics Education Research: Teaching Physics

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
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Smartphones as an Educational Intervention for PER. Framing an Analysis for Determinants and Perspectives

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Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
... , 2012b ; Kapucu, 2017 ; Pili et al., 2018 ; and Bozzo, 2020 ). In 2012 research presented a way for diffraction experiments using the mobile camera ( Kuhn and Vogt, 2012a , 2012b ), while in the same research papers referred to the use of smartphones as portable oscilloscopes for physics...
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Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

Emerging Trends in MEMS/NEMS Based Technologies for Gas Sensing Applications

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Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... allowed portions of the light passing through it to diffract and reflect from the bottom side of the sensing MC back into the waveguide. This resulted in optical interference, which was dependent on the separation distance between the waveguide and the MC. (c) SEM image of the fabricated H2...
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