Search Results for cost

... in much more flexibility for the PV system. Relatively, grid-connected PV systems have the advantage of more cost-effective utilization of generated power due to the accessibility of the public grid and the avoidance of expensive batteries. However, the technical requirements from both the utility power...

... capacity, satisfying demand, level of service, manufacturing cost, revenues, environmental impact, and plant location. It is important to note that several of these formulations are multi-objective optimization models because the design of any manufacturing system can be evaluated under several criteria...

... for decarbonization ( Scognamiglio et al., 2014 ). In this chapter, we first provide a brief overview of PV systems, followed by an outline of the components present in a PV system. The cost, sizing, and maintenance of a PV system are also briefly discussed. The last part of this chapter elaborates...

... the representatives of the first, second and third generations. The major differences among these solar photovoltaic technologies lie in the energy conversion efficiency, lifetime and cost. The electricity generated by solar photovoltaic arrays not only depends on the materials but also related to the amount of solar...

... industries, an increased attention has been paid to the development of shale gas monetizing processes that can cost-effectively transform shale gas into value-added chemicals, which include, but are not limited to, alcohol, ether, polymers, and aromatics ( Niziolek et al., 2015a , 2015b ; Derosa...

... is typically implemented on top of MPC to determine the set-point to be tracked by MPC ( Marlin and Hrymak, 1997 ). In the RTO layer, a steady-state optimization is performed according to a certain performance index reflecting the operating profits or costs. Once the set-point is determined in the RTO...

...) . It permits the display of real-time PV parameters on a mobile or a computer remotely. In Hamied et al. (2018) , the authors developed a low-cost PV monitoring system based on the IoT technique. The measured PV module data can be managed remotely. A real-time monitoring system based on ZigBee and 4G...

...-Ascaso , D. M. , “ Design of isolated hybrid systems minimizing costs and pollutant emissions ,” Renew. Energy   31 ( 14 ), 2227 – 2244 ( 2006 ). 10.1016/j.renene.2005.11.002 Castellanos , S. , Santibañez-Aguilar , J. E. , Shapiro , B. B. , Powell , D. M. , Peters , I. M...

...-time operation; Design reconfigurable distributed energy storage systems to take full advantage of PV applications. Indeed, PV power generation system reliability analysis essentially seeks cost-effective planning and operational solutions that maximize reliability in distribution networks...

.... , “ Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review ,” Renew. Sust. Energy Rev.   15 ( 4 ), 1753 – 1766 ( 2011 ). 10.1016/j.rser.2010.12.008 Bernal-Agustín , J. L. and Dufo-López , R. , “ Multi-objective design and control of hybrid systems minimizing costs and unmet...

... of the concentrating mirror field is proportional to the rate of solar energy conversion. In general, the cost of the heliostat field accounts for approximately 40% of the total investment scale of the solar power plant and can significantly influence the construction cost of solar power plants. As a result, research...

... compression and separation costs. To avoid the difficult separation process of N₂/CH₄, Wang et al. (2017) proposed an integrated system of NGH exploitation via CO₂/H₂ replacement and in situ methane reforming. The integrated system has...

.... , “ Deciphering the true life cycle environmental impacts and costs of the mega-scale shale gas-to-olefins projects in the United States ,” Energy Environ. Sci.   9 ( 3 ), 820 – 840 ( 2016 ). 10.1039/C5EE02365C He , C. and You , F. , “ Towards more cost-effective and greener chemicals production...

... and distribution (Energy) Photovoltaics (Energy) Energy technology (Energy) Preface Developing photovoltaic (PV) systems with high efficiency and low cost is a significant challenge for both academics and industries since it is an interdisciplinary topic that requires the expertise and collaboration of multi...

... predictive control with extended horizon ,” Automatica   73 , 180 – 192 ( 2016 ). 10.1016/j.automatica.2016.06.027 Liu , S. , Zhang , J. , and Liu , J. , “ Economic MPC with terminal cost and application to an oilsand primary separation vessel ,” Chem. Eng. Sci.   136 , 27 – 37...

... , A. M. , “ Opportunity of rooftop solar photovoltaic as a cost-effective and environment-friendly power source in megacities ,” IScience   25 , 104890 ( 2022 ). 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104890 Unbound Solar , “ Unbound solar, How to size a solar system: Step-by-step, Unbound Solar ,” see https...

... , G. , “ Deep learning ,” Nature   521 ( 7553 ), 436 – 444 ( 2015 ). 10.1038/nature14539 Mellit , A. , Hamied , A. , Lughi , V. and Pavan , A. M. , “ A low-cost monitoring and fault detection system for stand-alone photovoltaic systems using IoT technique...