FIG. 8.11 Inlet and outlet flow rate and temperature at steady-state condition. More about this image found in Inlet and outlet flow rate and temperature at steady-state condition.

FIG. 1.13 The 3 × 1 string under partial shading condition: (a) string pattern, (b) characteristic of each module, and (c) the characteristic of the string ( Yousri et al., 2021 ). More about this image found in The 3 × 1 string under partial shading condition: (a) string pattern, (b) c...

FIG. 1.14 (a) Partially shaded PV cell undergoing hotspot condition. (b) Equivalent thermal model to estimate the time dependence of the temperature of the portion of the PV cell (A_HS) under hotspot conditions ( Rossi et al., 2014 ). More about this image found in (a) Partially shaded PV cell undergoing hotspot condition. (b) Equivalent t...

FIG. 10.6 Profile of the catalyst flowrate under normal and faulty conditions. More about this image found in Profile of the catalyst flowrate under normal and faulty conditions.

FIG. 6.3 (a) Ferroelectric switching characteristics of the entirely rhombohedral film (condition I). (b) Ferroelectric switching characteristics of the super tetragonal film (condition II). (c) Ferroelectric switching characteristics of the mixed phase (T + R) film (condition III). The corresponding strain conditions are mentioned in Table 6.2. More about this image found in (a) Ferroelectric switching characteristics of the entirely rhombohedral fi...

FIG. 2.5 (a) Molecular orbital (MO) picture of Bi 6sp—O 2p vs Bi 6p—O 2p hybridization stabilizing Bi⁵⁺ or Bi³⁺ charge state; (b) partial density of states of BaBiO₃ in monoclinic and tetragonal symmetries subjected to different strain conditions. More about this image found in (a) Molecular orbital (MO) picture of Bi 6sp—O 2p vs Bi 6p—O 2p hybridizati...

FIG. 6.4 Experimentally measured local piezoelectric displacement curves using pFM tip for (a) tetragonal, (b) mixed phase (tetragonal + rhombohedral), and (c) pure rhombohedral BFO films and (d)–(f) corresponding strain hysteresis loops obtained from the simulations. Effective d₃₃ for each condition is calculated from the slope of the linear part of the butterfly loop. More about this image found in Experimentally measured local piezoelectric displacement curves using pFM t...

FIG. 6.2 Simulated steady-state domain structures of equimolar BZCT at room temperature for (a) mechanically constrained and (b) stress-free conditions. O 1 + : [ 110 ] , O 1 − : [ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 ] , O 2 + : [ 011 ] , O 2 − : [ 0 1 ¯ 1 ¯ ... More about this image found in Simulated steady-state domain structures of equimolar BZCT at room temperat...