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biaxial
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in Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures
> Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.8 Schematic showing the impact of biaxial strain, which converts the indirect bandgap to the direct bandgap by pulling the center of the Brillouin zone (Γ valley) down to the L valley ( Michel et al., 2010 ). More about this image found in Schematic showing the impact of biaxial strain, which converts the indirect...
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in Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures
> Strain Engineering in Functional Materials and Devices
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.9 The energy gaps measured at Γ and L valley (a) as a function of Sn content in Ge(1−x)Snx alloy (b) as a function of in-plane biaxial compressive strain for in Ge0.92Sn0.08. As seen ∼6.5% Sn in Ge bring the Γ valley down to L valley, thus converting it to direct bandgap (a). Larger compressive strain (>0.32%) change the nature of the bandgap (direct to indirect) (b) ( Gupta et al., 2013a ). More about this image found in The energy gaps measured at Γ and L valley (a) as a functi...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... ). In the case of artificial superlattice structures, the layers experience either in-plane compressive or tensile based on the choice and most importantly the strain is applied from both the directions unlike ultrathin epilayers where the biaxial strain from the substrate is realized at one end and the top end...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... on their physical nature, could be either of in-plane biaxial and/or longitudinal uniaxial out-of-plane. For a specific semiconductor, one type of strain could dominate the other. For example, in the case of Si, both of these strains split Si's conduction band; however, for germanium (Ge), only the longitudinal...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... ,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 , 133102 ( 2005 ). 10.1063/1.2061852 43 Paret , J. , “ Long-time dynamics of the three-dimensional biaxial Grinfeld instability ,” Phys. Rev. E 71 , 011105 ( 2005 ). 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.011105 44 Seol , D. J. , Hu , S. Y. , Liu , Z. K...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
.... Figure 5.9 presents a schematic image of the coated-conductor architecture, which is a concept for the REBCO wire ( Paranthaman and Izumi, 2004 ). A thin film of biaxially oriented REBCO was grown on a high-strength metal substrate with intermediate buffer layers. Several techniques have been developed...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_001
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... uniformly across the layers. Such uniform strain leads to development large biaxial stresses in the films. The presence of biaxial stresses eventually leads to stress relaxation through the formation of misfit dislocations at the film-substrate interface. However, it does not occur spontaneously for every...
Book
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_002
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... and 0.5 eV under biaxial strains. The strain field can perturb the crystal structure and induce instability. A good solar cell material also needs thermal stability and with the advent of flexible electronics, structural stability also becomes important. Strain also has potential to shift the phonon mode...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_008
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... , W. C. , “ Quantum dot formation on a strain-patterned epitaxial thin film ,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 , 133102 ( 2005 ). 10.1063/1.2061852 43 Paret , J. , “ Long-time dynamics of the three-dimensional biaxial Grinfeld instability ,” Phys. Rev. E 71 , 011105 ( 2005 ). 10.1103...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... in integration optical gyroscope ,” Optik Int. J. Light Electron Optics 123 ( 4 ), 302 – 305 ( 2012 ). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.02.030 Habermehl , S. , “ Coefficient of thermal expansion and biaxial Young's modulus in Si-rich silicon nitride thin films ,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 36 ( 2 ), 021517...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... on Coventorware©. The measured stress for gold structures is tensile, as indicated by asymmetric and symmetric lancet structures in Figs. 6.12 and 6.13 . The magnitude of the biaxial stress is 51–52 MPa extracted from the simulated graphs shown in Fig. 6.14 . FIG. 6.12 Micrographs of asymmetric lancet...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... resonator used in integration optical gyroscope ,” Optik Int. J. Light Electron Optics 123 ( 4 ), 302 – 305 ( 2012 ). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.02.030 Habermehl , S. , “ Coefficient of thermal expansion and biaxial Young's modulus in Si-rich silicon nitride thin films ,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol...
Book
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425422_011
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2542-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2540-8
... lattice mismatch, doping, and direct mechanical application. The current subsection elucidates the evaluation of mechanical properties by direct application of strain. Mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and ultimate strength can be evaluated by performing uniaxial/biaxial...
Book
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: December 2022
10.1063/9780735425422
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2542-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2540-8
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: May 2022
10.1063/9780735424678_004
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2467-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2464-7
... of uniaxial or biaxial crystals. The isotropic crystal has a diagonal matrix of the dielectric constant, which relates electric field E and polarization P as (4.41) P = ε ¯ ¯ E where ε ¯ ¯ = ( ε 0 0 0 ε 0 0 0 ε...
Book
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: May 2022
10.1063/9780735424678
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2467-8
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2464-7
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2022
10.1063/9780735423916_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2391-6
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2388-6
.... h. Film blowing A significant processing technique for generating a biaxial melt drawn film is blown film. Air pressure is used to create a transverse direction pull, and a faster haul-off roll speed is used to create a machine direction draw. This method is used to process several billion pounds...
Book
Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: March 2022
10.1063/9780735423916
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2391-6
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2388-6
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