FIG. 5.14 (a) Multi-frame averaged STEM image of silicon measured with [110] zone axis and histogram of inter-atomic distance along the (b) x and (c) y direction ( Yankovich et al., 2014 ). The scale bar in (a) is 400 pm. The error bars in (b) and (c) are the square root of the frequency, the curves are the best-fit normal distributions, and σ represents the standard deviations. Reproduced with permission from Yankovich et al., Nat. Commun. 5 , 4155 (2014). Copyright 2014 Springer Nature. More about this image found in (a) Multi-frame averaged STEM image of silicon measured with [110] zone axi...

FIG. 4.6 Solar photovoltaic tracking systems: (a) fixed axis; (b) single axis (vertical); (c) single axis (horizontal); and (d) double axis. More about this image found in Solar photovoltaic tracking systems: (a) fixed axis; (b) single axis (verti...

FIG. 14.2 Axis representing how research has conceptualized the relationship between cognition and affect from least to most entangled. More about this image found in Axis representing how research has conceptualized the relationship between ...

FIG. 14.3 Axis representing how research has conceptualized learning goals in physics with respect to affect from least radical (most traditional) to most radical. More about this image found in Axis representing how research has conceptualized learning goals in physics...

FIG. 2.3 (a) circle with diameter a. (b) Ellipse with major axis length a and minor axis length b. More about this image found in (a) circle with diameter a. (b) Ellipse with major axis le...

FIG. 7.24 (a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ). (b) A switchable wavelength add-drop filter array implemented using coupling-gap tuning of ring resonators ( Takahashi et al., 2008 ). (c) Frequency tuning of ring resonator by changing the perimeter of the ring ( Chu and Hane, 2014 ). (d) A ring resonator tuned by the proximity of a beam near the ring ( Yao et al., 2007 ). (e) Tuning of a ring resonator by bending the ring to the proximity of a high refractive index rim ( Errando-Herranz et al., 2015 ). (f) MEMS tuned microsphere switch ( Blue et al., 2011 ). More about this image found in (a) Two-axis MEMS mirror and grating based 1 × N wavelength router ( Stepan...

FIG. 5.11 Distribution of the identified (a) focal lengths; (b) angles about the x-axis; (c) angles about the y-axis; and (d) angles about the z-axis. More about this image found in Distribution of the identified (a) focal lengths; (b) angles about the

FIG. 14.1 Two (not necessarily independent) axes to locate research on affect in PER are the learning goal axis and the entanglement with cognition axis. More about this image found in Two (not necessarily independent) axes to locate research on affect in PER ...

FIG. 5.4 The shape of a spot changes with: (a) decreased rotation angles around the x-axis; (b) decreased rotation angles around the y-axis; and (c) decreased focal lengths. More about this image found in The shape of a spot changes with: (a) decreased rotation angles around the ...

FIG. 6.7 Ultrasonic rangefinders as an electronic component (left picture) (see: https://shorturl.at/fjmNS ) and Tri-axis digital accelerometer by Kionix, inside Motorola Xoom (right picture) [available at https://shorturl.at/ahtu1 ). More about this image found in Ultrasonic rangefinders as an electronic component (left picture) (see: ht...

FIG. 7.23 (a) Strictly non-blocking 2D N × N switch requiring N² single axis mirrors ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ; and Horsley et al., 2005 ). (b) A 3-axis micromirror array capable of N × N routing using 2 N mirrors ( Stepanovsky, 2019 ). (c) An N × N planar switch implemented using tunable directional couplers ( Han et al., 2015 ; and Stepanovsky, 2019 ). More about this image found in (a) Strictly non-blocking 2D N × N switch requiring N² single ax...

FIG. 21.1 Mathematization/modeling cycle of physics by Uhden et al. (2012) , recreated (left) and modified to show the figurative placement of visualization tools consistent with Function I (center) and Function II (right) from this chapter. Uhden et al.'s original schematic emphasizes the degrees of mathematization within a mathematized model as well as accounting for mathematical processing (via “pure mathematics”) that moves neither “up” nor “down” on the mathematization axis. More about this image found in Mathematization/modeling cycle of physics by Uhden et al....

FIG. 5.18 DF-TEM images of (a) microdomain band and (b) lamellar-like nanodomain in PMN–PT. (c) In the schematic illustration of nanodomains in (b), a–d denote the domains of four different crystallographic orientations. (d) Selected-area diffraction pattern measured with the zone axis of [1 1 ¯ 0] ( Sato et al., 2014 ). More about this image found in DF-TEM images of (a) microdomain band and (b) lamellar-like nanodomain in P...

FIG. 5.11 Nanostrain analysis for nanocomposite YBCO films ( Llordés et al., 2012 ). (a) Williamson–Hall plots of the symmetric YBCO Bragg reflection, (b) dependence of the YBCO vertical nanostrain (determined from Williamson–Hall plots) on the incoherent specific interface of nanodots, (c) nanostrain anisotropy, and (d) dependence of coherent domain size on nanostrain along the c-axis in YBCO–BZO nanocomposites, as determined by Rietveld analysis of high-resolution XRD measurements. Reproduced with permission from Llordés et al., Nat. Mater. 11 , 329–333 (2012). Copyright 2012 Springer Nature. More about this image found in Nanostrain analysis for nanocomposite YBCO films ( Llordés et al....

FIG. 1.15 Density of states (DOS) along x-axis is shown as a function of energy (E) shown along y-axis. (a) The lower (light yellow) and the upper (light blue) Hubbard bands are shown. The band gap scales with the Hubbard interaction, U. (b) The lower and upper Hubbard bands merge in the limit U → 0. More about this image found in Density of states (DOS) along x-axis is shown as a functio...