... and a biological structure: a cell, a tissue, or an organ. However, to fully understand their interaction, we have to look closer at their interconnection. One part of this connection is the conductive liquid, which can be a cell culture medium or a biological fluid. Another part is the interface between...

... this book a useful resource. It is an excellent textbook for pre- or post-doctoral researchers and senior undergraduate students. Biomedical optics (Optics and optical physics) Biomedical optical imaging (Biological physics) Tomography (Biological physics) ...

.... , An Implantable Stimulator for Selective Stimulation of Nerves, Medical Physics and Bioengineering ( University College London , London , 2000 ). Cakmak , Y. O. , “ Concerning auricular vagal nerve stimulation: Occult neural networks ,” Front. Hum. Neurosci.   13 , 421 ( 2019 ). 10.3389/fnhum...

... ) is a term that describes all different therapeutic uses of electricity. It encompasses the application of electrical signals over a wide range of amplitudes, frequencies, and waveforms on biological tissue to achieve physical or functional interventions, mostly, but not exclusively reversible. One...

...., 2017 ). Corrosion was another source of early failure: due to the physical coupling between the photodiode and the active electronics on the one hand and the stimulating electrode interfacing the tissue on the other hand, the chip could not be hermetically housed ( Daschner et al., 2017...

... by the acoustic wavelengths, which is about 150 nm. Photoacoustic Tomography and Microscopy Due to the dipolar scattering and absorption in tissues, light waves have a limited depth of ballistic transport in biological tissues. The distorted wavefront cannot build up submicrometer focal spots in deep tissues...

...Genetics and Biochemistry of Organisms We live in a material world with various substances and forms. There are observable structures that underlie the superficial phenomenon of human life. Our five senses feel, perceive, and recognize the physical environment. The type of foods, style of clothes...

... removes lipids from tissues with minimal damage and loss of molecules. The reagent CLARITY is a hydrogel-based method that transforms intact biological tissues into a nanoporous hydrogel-tissue hybrid ( Du et al., 2018 ). This hydrogel-based method preserves the structure, nucleic acid...

... this book a useful resource. It is an excellent textbook for pre- or post-doctoral researchers and senior undergraduate students. Biomedical optics (Optics and optical physics) Biomedical optical imaging (Biological physics) Tomography (Biological physics) Contributors Marco Castello Molecular Microscopy...

... coherence tomography could achieve a 2–3 mm imaging depth beneath the skin ( Fujimoto, 2003 ). But most of the fluorescent probes, especially fluorescent proteins, are designed to emit visible light. To excite the visible fluorescence by high penetration NIR photons, one needs an upconverting two-photon...

... way to generate physical mockups for effective communication. Especially for tailor-made medical products, such as prosthetics and implants, the need for biocompatibility and personalized geometry usually leads to a tremendous cost in mold making. Quality control and risk management in production...

... imaging (Optics and optical physics) Optical techniques and instrumentation (Optics and optical physics) Materials analysis (Materials science) Medical physics (Biological physics) Medical imaging (Biological physics) ...

... al., 2014 ). While this type of imaging has mainly been used in physical and chemical research, recent advances have enabled its application in fluorescence lifetime imaging to reveal transient biological events ( Ma et al., 2021 ). Imaging of objects in the natural/functional state...

... ), 396 – 409 ( 2004 ). 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1295425 Bickley , L. , Szilagyi PG. Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History-Taking ( Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , 2012 ). Bishop , P. , “ Evolution of the stethoscope ,” J. R. Soc. Med.   73 ( 6 ), 448 – 456 ( 1980...

... Adie , S. G.   , “ Spectroscopic optical coherence elastography ,” Opt. Express   18 ( 25 ), 25519 – 25534 ( 2010 ). 10.1364/OE.18.025519 Akca , B. I.   , “ Observation of sound-induced corneal vibrational modes by optical coherence tomography ,” Biomed. Opt. Express   6 ( 9 ), 3313...

..., CNMs have gained wide attention ( Zhang et al., 1986 ; Falcao and Wudl, 2007 ; and Delgado et al., 2008 ). The fluorescent and water-soluble functionalities available within carbon-based nanomaterials act as a medium for biological tomography due to their minimal toxicity and cell...