... and utility scales, renewable energy sources have become part of the modern grid. The increased penetration of these sources results in power supply variations that can impact system stability, voltage and frequency ( Kumar et al., 2019 ). This has necessitated a paradigm shift in power system sizing...

...Introduction Renewable energy sources (RESs) have been continuously increasing their share in electricity production in the last few years due to environmentally oriented policies as a consequence of the concerns regarding the growth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fossil fuel exploitation...

...Introduction and Background According to the definition of the International Energy Agency (IEA), “renewable energy is the energy that is derived from natural processes that are constantly replenished such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower, ocean resources, electricity and hydrogen...

..., 2016 ; Álvarez-Herranz et al., 2017 ; Sinha et al., 2018 ; and Shafik and Bandyopadhyay, 2019 ). Even the share of fossil sources is still critical; the energy mix has been altered by the ascending promotion of renewable energy sources in developed countries. Energy innovation...

...% of demand, but they are costly to the environment, as proved by the increasing CO₂ concentrations to 370 ppm over a century ago, and it can also be increased to 550 ppm in the coming years ( Lund, 2007 ). This is a critical point to a serious shift to renewable energy due to decreasing...

... on energy consumption, and the environment. We also look at ways that RE helps to expand services of this sector worldwide and reduce the impact of this sector on the environment by utilizing green renewable energy to power it. What is ICT? The term ICT is understood to cover computer and peripheral...

...Introduction A total work of energy management through the preparation of different sources of renewable energies is researched via good researchers such as Bussar et al. (2016) who investigated the adopting flexibility of different renewable energies to supply a standard value...

...., 2019 ). To achieve the renewable energy target (RET) of 23% of the primary energy mix by 2025, the MEMR estimates the need for between US$107 and US$110 billion to be invested in the electricity infrastructure over 10 years until 2025 ( Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2016 ). PLN can only...

...The Development of Renewable Energy: Skepticism, Reluctance, and Inability The deployment of renewable energy sources (RESs) is beneficial for several arenas such as climate change mitigation and energy security. Solar power, wind, biomass, and other RESs help to decarbonize the energy sector...

...Introduction The government of Iraq is not aware of the significance of renewable energy (RE) due to the abundance and extra quantity of fossil fuel that would be needed in the Middle East; the need for energy in Iraq began due to the destruction and disruption that happened in 1991...

...., 2017 ). In general, the basic need that can be considered globally is reliance on renewable energies, which is based on environmentally reliable and naturally available systems ( Kåberger, 2018 ). According to global statistics, since 2010, global non-hydropower renewable energy production has reached...

...Gökgöz, F. and Erkul, E., “A comparative energy-efficiency analysis for renewable energy technologies,” in Sustainable Engineering Technologies and Architectures, edited by D. S-K. Ting and J. A. Stagner (AIP Publishing, Melville, New York, 2021), pp. 9-1–9-26. Undesirable DEA Renewable...

...Energy management system Renewable energy Smart grid Artificial intelligence Introduction The word “grid” is used for power generation, transmission, distribution, operation, and control. Conventional grids are usually employed to transfer energy from limited sources of electrical energy...

...Energy economics Energy management system Renewable energy Smart grid Artificial intelligence Introduction Classic utility grids are created to carry power from the power generating plant, via the power transmission system, to a huge number of users. However, these grids are not efficient...

...Energy storage Renewable energy Smart grid Hybrid energy system Introduction The integration of renewable energy generation into the grid may affect the rated frequency, voltage regulation, and other auxiliary services. If the power is not constrained to some limit, then it may lead...

... of technical challenges by using state-of-the-art systematic methods. It covers a broad range of energy topics, including traditional fossil fuels, renewable energy, clean energy production and storage, emerging non-traditional energy sources such as oil sands, shale gas, and natural gas hydrates, and energy...