... flux at the start of an E&M course. Most of the students could not give a correct physical definition of flux. For students, clarity between a verbal explanation and a mathematical formula of flux was lacking and they seemed to confuse magnetic field, magnetic flux and flux variation. In the work...

... of an object is caused by a force.” With respect to the equations of Gauss's law for an electric field, the interpretation that “the cause of the electric field is an electric charge” or “an electric field is generated around an electric charge” focuses on the physical meaning of the equations ( Kim et al...

..., which depending on the state may require additional courses in physics education and general educational studies. In the second pathway, those with master's degrees in related fields can be employed directly as teachers, receive on-the-job training, and then must pass a state examination and between...

... in physics. Then students were asked to get together in small groups to discuss what they wrote and why don't students realize that struggling is normal; during this session, they generally learned that their peers in the class had similar worries. A general class discussion followed in which the groups...

... to converge in current cosmology ( Kragh, 2014 ). While it is true that philosophy has focused on questions at the level of general abstraction (e.g., “what is the nature of being?”; “How is causation related to explanation and knowledge?”), the philosophy of physics as a bridging field between...

... in real time. Magnetic force field lines appeared around the magnets on the computer screen, updating dynamically as the students moved the physical magnets. Simulations are pre-programmed models of phenomena that are depicted through an interactive pictorial/graphical interface. Especially compared...

.... M. and Kane , J. W. , General Physics , 2nd ed. ( Wiley , 1991 ). Tipton , M.   et al. , “ Does IPLS help students apply physics to biology? ,” contributed talk at the virtual American Association of Physics Teachers Summer Meeting and Physics Education Research Conference...

..., or physics identity), not to mention the broader fields of science education or general education, computation in physics education is both theoretically well-defined and accessible for study. However, this theoretical overlap also indicates the need for further theoretical work in this area. Having...

... of papers published in PTEL has increased significantly over the past decade. This promising trend may lead to improvements in physics textbooks, and physics education more generally. Some gaps in PTEL have also been identified. For example, in sustainable development goals (SDG), topics such as “climate...

... , “ General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/1. Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .” ( 2015 ), see http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E (last accessed July 30, 2022 ) Varvoglis , H. , History and Evolution of Concepts in Physics...

... in an integrated curriculum might have even more dramatic consequences. The “traditional” physics curriculum that consists of Newtonian mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics and optics/waves, usually focuses on ideal systems: surfaces with negligible friction in mechanics, pure conductors...

... principles are the Momentum Principle (Newton's second law in its more general form), the Energy Principle, the Angular Momentum Principle, and the fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics. In electricity and magnetism, there is added conservation of charge and the field concept, as expressed...

... in these composites arises via strain-mediated interaction ( Erdem et al., 2016 ). The magnetostrictive layer is strained when subjected to a magnetic field, and the strain is effectively transferred to the piezoelectric phase and generates a net change in polarization. The converse effect where applied...

... on an interpretation of the generalized Gibbs fundamental from that energy always flows simultaneously with at least one other physical quantity (see section Energy as a function of intensive and extensive properties), the KPC introduces the idea of energy carriers ( Falk et al., 1983...

..., 1995 ; and Gentner et al., 1997 ). For instance, Maxwell's insight that led to their mathematical description of electric and magnetic fields was an analogy between electromagnetic fields and mechanical rotations of a system of gears and free wheels, for which the mathematical...

... in meters, respectively. The relative motion between the magnetic field and the coil can be produced by moving the magnets with respect to the coil or vice versa. FIG. 9.9 (a) Illustration of Faraday's law that governs electromagnetic generators. (b) Simplified circuit of an electromagnetic MEH device...

... education. Thus, the readers to whom we wrote are PER graduate students as well as established physics education researchers who enter this fascinating field of study. During the early phase of the writing, we realized that a conceptual organization of the literature we review would be more useful than...