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Paper-based piezoresistive force sensor. (a) Schematic diagram of a paper-based force sensor using a carbon resistor (shown in black) as the sensing component, contact pads shown in silver ink (shown in blue) with perforation of fold lines made by a laser cutter; (b) folded sensor; and (c) force–deflection curve of unfolded and folded cantilever.
Published: March 2023
FIG. 3.9 Paper-based piezoresistive force sensor. (a) Schematic diagram of a paper-based force sensor using a carbon resistor (shown in black) as the sensing component, contact pads shown in silver ink (shown in blue) with perforation of fold lines made by a laser cutter; (b) folded sensor More about this image found in Paper-based piezoresistive force sensor. (a) Schematic diagram of a paper-b...
Images
(a) Optomechanical crystal tightly confined mechanical and optical resonances at the same physical location. This is achieved using photonic crystals to confine light and acoustic bandgap structure to confine mechanical vibrations (Meenehan et al., 2014). (b) Basic setup of optical tweezer (Ashkin et al., 1986) incoming spatially filtered laser beam focused using a microscope on a particle in a liquid. The focused beam undergoes reflections R1 and R2 and refraction by the sphere, resulting in a net upward force FA on the particle.
Published: March 2023
of optical tweezer ( Ashkin et al., 1986 ) incoming spatially filtered laser beam focused using a microscope on a particle in a liquid. The focused beam undergoes reflections R1 and R2 and refraction by the sphere, resulting in a net upward force More about this image found in (a) Optomechanical crystal tightly confined mechanical and optical resonanc...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... of students to regard some relative motions as merely “apparent,” we developed a task involving coordinated analysis of relative velocity and change in relative position: the laser ranging device ( Boudreaux, 2002 ). We wanted to examine student facilities coordinating velocity values measured...
Images
(a) Vertical pendulum tilt sensor (Dong et al., 2005) with three fiber Bragg gratings attached to three cantilevers. A tilt of the pendulum leads to bending of the cantilevers depending on the direction of the tilt. This leads the attached fiber Bragg grating to strain and change its reflection spectrum. (b) Schematic of a MEMS ring laser gyroscope with movable mirrors and lens. (Hashimoto et al., 2009). (c) Schematic of a passive resonant optical gyroscope using a fiber ring. The phase modulators are driven by antiphase triangular waves to reduce parasitic effects and allow the readout of Sagnac phase shift as amplitude at photodetector (Jin et al., 2007).
Published: March 2023
and change its reflection spectrum. (b) Schematic of a MEMS ring laser gyroscope with movable mirrors and lens. ( Hashimoto et al., 2009 ). (c) Schematic of a passive resonant optical gyroscope using a fiber ring. The phase modulators are driven by antiphase triangular waves to reduce parasitic More about this image found in (a) Vertical pendulum tilt sensor ( Dong et al., 2005 ) wi...
Book Chapter
Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
.../1.3673854 Carlson , R. O. , Slack , G. A. , and Silverman , S. J. , “ Thermal conductivity of GaAs and GaAs1−xPx laser semiconductors ,” J. Appl. Phys.   36 ( 2 ), 505 – 507 ( 1965 ). 10.1063/1.1714018 Chae , J. , An , S. , Ramer , G...
Book Chapter
Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_007
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
...., 2010 ; Liu et al., 2019a ; and Sattari et al., 2020 ) Applications MUX/DEMUX ( Veerasubramanian et al. 2012) Optical add/drop Lasers ( Wang, 1974 ; and Ujager et al., 2010 ) Tunable filters ( Cremer et al., 1989 ), Filters ( Park et al...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... screening of polarization fields in wurtzite GaN/InGaN laser structures laser structures ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   74 , 2002 – 2004 ( 1999 ). 10.1063/1.123727 Dora , Y. , Chakraborty , A. , McCarthy , L. , Keller , S. , Denbaars , S. P. , and Mishra , U. K. , “ High breakdown...
Images
(a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the porous AAO cantilevers used for moisture sensing at different magnifications: (i) AAO cantilevers with a layer of gold coating of 30-nm thickness, (ii) enlarged SEM image of (i) reprinted with permission from Lee et al., Sens. Actuators B Chem. 137(2), 561–565 (2009). Copyright 2009 Elsevier. (b) Fabrication of high surface area carbon nanotube (CNT)/carbon composite MC and measurement procedure comprises of (i) photolithographic patterning of a 4-nm iron (Fe) catalyst film, (ii) vertical growth of CNT forest from Fe catalyst, (iii) infiltration of the CNT forest and subsequent release from the substrate, and (iv) mounting of the fabricated device between a clamp and a piezoelectric element. Optical deflection measurement is then carried out using laser reflection (with permission to use under creative common license (Noyce et al., 2019) published by the royal society of chemistry.
Published: March 2023
, (iii) infiltration of the CNT forest and subsequent release from the substrate, and (iv) mounting of the fabricated device between a clamp and a piezoelectric element. Optical deflection measurement is then carried out using laser reflection (with permission to use under creative common More about this image found in (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the porous AAO cantilevers...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425514_001
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2551-4
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2548-4
... students to tactilely engage with the diagrams. Similarly, de Azevedo et al. (2015) suggest shining laser beams on students' hands or arms in order to allow them to feel the laser beam as a means to provide tactile access to laser light. The authors also include safety information for shining...
Book
Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
Book Chapter
Book cover for MEMS Applications in Electronics and Engineering
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735424395_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2439-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2436-4
... Royal Society of Chemistry. Types of detection methods Optical methods Currently, there are various types of optical methods; the most common among them is optical beam based deflection technique. The laser light focused on the tip of the cantilever, and the reflected light is captured/recorded...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_003
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... ). Della Sala , F. , Di Carlo , A. , and Lugli , P. , “ Free-carrier screening of polarization fields in wurtzite GaN/InGaN laser structures laser structures ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   74 , 2002 – 2004 ( 1999 ). 10.1063/1.123727 Dora , Y. , Chakraborty , A. , McCarthy , L...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Methods
Published: November 2022
10.1063/9780735422575_005
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2257-5
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2254-4
... and intensity of a laser field Let us first define the instantaneous pulse intensity I(t) as the total EM power P transferred through the area dA normal to the propagation direction: 9 At this point, we allow the reader to work with the MEs to obtain the EOMs...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_016
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... criterion that sits at the heart of what counts as an experimental procedure in science: In an article about the use of external cavity diode lasers in atomic physics, Hardman et al. (2014) elaborated, through a video illustration along with a text-based manuscript, the component selection...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425590_010
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
... (the magnetic phase is mostly electronically conducting) and greater freedom and flexibility in the fabrication. 2-2 type ME composites are deposited by different techniques such as pulsed laser deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, spin coating, spray pyrolysis, and spin...
Book Chapter

Series: AIPP Books, Principles
Published: March 2023
0
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2559-0
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2556-9
..., 2.0] ,” Physica B   223–224 , 399 – 401 ( 1996 ). 10.1016/0921-4526(96)00134-2 Kulovits , A. K. , Leonard , J. P. , and Wiezorek , J. M. K. , “ Microstructure of pulsed laser deposited FePd thin films on amorphous and crystalline substrates ,” Intermetallics   15 , 1606 – 1611...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425477_020
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2547-7
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2544-6
... of introductory physics, Christensen et al. examined students' conceptual understanding related to the interaction of light with matter in a unit that included microscopy, laser eye surgery, and pulse oximetry, and which involved students in tasks using actual medical devices ( Christensen et al...
Book Chapter
Series: AIPP Books, Professional
Published: March 2023
10.1063/9780735425712_006
EISBN: 978-0-7354-2571-2
ISBN: 978-0-7354-2568-2
.... Topic area Learning outcome Related variables Hardware used Software acquisition and analysis Reference Kinematics Calculation of free fall's time h, t LCD, laser sensor, electromagnet module, Arduino UNO ( Arduino UNO ) … Süzen and Kayaalp, 2019 Understanding...