.... In the NPV calculation, it discounts the values of incomes while subtracting the discounted present costs through the lifetime of the PV system. The costs include the initial total investment cost, future costs of replacement, operation, and maintenance. Environmental objectives Environmental impacts...

..., 2023), pp. 3-1–3-16. Introduction In recent years, the design and installation of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems have gained importance because there is a global trend to promote decarbonized technologies to reduce the environmental impact and greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of pollutant...

.... , “ Deciphering the true life cycle environmental impacts and costs of the mega-scale shale gas-to-olefins projects in the United States ,” Energy Environ. Sci.   9 ( 3 ), 820 – 840 ( 2016 ). 10.1039/C5EE02365C He , C. and You , F. , “ Towards more cost-effective and greener chemicals production...

... ; Bystrzanowska et al., 2019 ; and Dong et al., 2019 ). However, from the life cycle prospective, the environmental impacts can shift from one life cycle stage to another, especially considering the absorbent production and other life cycle stages of the process, so this “greenness” may...

... indicated that a shale gas monetizing project is inevitably subject to multiple types of uncertain factors from feedstock acquisition to end-use chemicals production, which could badly affect the profitability and environmental impacts of the whole project. There are different ways of classifying...

... in PVsyst ,” IEEE J. Photovoltaics   5 ( 1 ), 152 – 158 ( 2015 ). 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2014.2364133 Sebestyén , V. , “ Renewable and sustainable energy reviews: Environmental impact networks of renewable energy power plants ,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.   151 , 111626 ( 2021 ). 10.1016/j.rser...

... on the energy efficiency, economy and environmental performance of the system ( Farhoodnea et al., 2015 ; Rahman et al., 2017 ; and Korsavi et al., 2018 ), and it has been proven that the above-mentioned external factors do have a dramatic impact on the output performance of solar...

.... Energy Rev.   82 , 2039 – 2052 ( 2018 ). 10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.007 Dubey , S. , Jadhav , N. Y. , and Zakirova , B. , “ Socio-economic and environmental impacts of silicon based photovoltaic (PV) technologies ,” Energy Proc.   33 , 322 – 334 ( 2013 ). 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.073...

.... A. , Selvaraj , J.   et al. , “ Global prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar PV power generation ,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.   41 , 284 – 297 ( 2015 ). 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.046 Humada , M. , Darweesh , Y. , Mohammed , K. G.   et al. , “ Modeling...

.... A. , Selvaraj , J.   et al. , “ Global prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar PV power generation ,” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.   41 , 284 – 297 ( 2015 ). 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.046 Humada , M. , Darweesh , Y. , Mohammed , K. G.   et al. , “ Modeling...

.... Nanotechnology can improve the to reduce the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Nanotechnology makes a significant reduction in the cost of expensive components like solar cells as well as in the area of production and storage. Nanotechnology can be considered as a key...

... ). Demirbas , A. , “ Global renewable energy projections ,” Energy Sources Part B Econ. Planning Policy   4 , 212 – 224 ( 2009 ). 10.1080/15567240701620499 Elcock , D. , Potential Impacts of Nanotechnology on Energy Transmission Applications and Needs ( Environmental Science Division...

... and working conditions. Critically, PV systems consist of numerous vulnerable components ( Durisch et al., 2000 ; and Ho et al., 2012 ) whose life cycles are affected by temperature, power loss, and environmental conditions. In particular, the power generation performance of a PV cell...

... interoperable systems in smart buildings frequently outperform independent utilities and communications systems in terms of performance, maintenance cost, and environmental impact. Electricity supply, security, fire alarms, fire-fighting, air conditioning, diesel generator, water supply, solar power, solar...

... of a smart city. Smart cities aim to achieve a low-carbon economy, green energy, and facilitate environmental protection. One possible channel for achieving the goal of a smart city is by relying on clean energy sources that are environmentally friendly and economical. One popular option is photovoltaic (PV...

... environmental enginteers and scientists, graduate students in environmental programs, and undergraduates in engineering, biology, and ecology. Interdisciplinary physics (Interdisciplinary physics) Chemical physics (Chemical physics) Environmental pollution (Interdisciplinary physics) Environmental impacts...

... can trigger potential environmental and safety challenges ( Ning et al., 2012 ). The conventional approaches for gas production from NGH reservoirs include thermal stimulation, depressurization, chemical inhibitor injection, and combination methods. The CO₂-CH₄ exchange...

... use, even well-established theoretical lenses are imperfect. For example, the Tinto model for student persistence has been critiqued by researchers for excluding environmental factors at institutions that can impact student persistence and for assuming that students should culturally assimilate...