X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze commercially available powders of five monosaccharides: glucose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucuronic acid, and N-acetyl galactosamine. These powders were pressed onto a sample holder and analyzed as received from the manufacturer. Survey spectra and high-resolution spectra of O 1s and C 1s of all monosaccharides are reported, including N 1s for N-acetyl galactosamine, glucosamine, and galactosamine and Cl 2p for glucosamine and galactosamine. Furthermore, the presented data are compared with theoretical values, and differences are discussed.
Accession#: 01982, 01983, 01984, 01985, and 01986
Technique: XPS
Specimen: Glucose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucuronic acid, and N-acetyl galactosamine
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Major Elements in Spectra: O, N, and C
Minor Elements in Spectra: Cl
Published Spectra: 21
Spectral Category: Comparison
INTRODUCTION
Monosaccharides serve as building blocks in many types of biological materials such as polysaccharides, glycosylated proteins, and lipopolysaccharides. Often, they are present at the surface of biological materials and, consequently, are probed during XPS analyses. Here, we present XPS data of a selection of hexoses with different functional groups with the aim that they may aid in assigning XPS spectra of surfaces containing monosaccharides or polysaccharides (Fig. 1).
Five monosaccharides analyzed. Galactose is included in the image for comparison. (a) d-glucose, (b) d-galactose (for comparison), (c) glucosamine HCl, (d) galactosamine HCl, (e) glucuronic acid, and (f) N-acetyl galactosamine.
Five monosaccharides analyzed. Galactose is included in the image for comparison. (a) d-glucose, (b) d-galactose (for comparison), (c) glucosamine HCl, (d) galactosamine HCl, (e) glucuronic acid, and (f) N-acetyl galactosamine.
This dataset has previously been published by us as a part of the reference data in two other publications dealing with XPS surface characterization of algae and fungi (Refs. 1 and 2). However, they were not the main focus of these articles, and any changes in their chemical shifts connected to the functional groups were not discussed in detail.
Except for N-acetyl galactosamine, none of the substances are expected to contain aliphatic carbon. However, the well-known adventitious C contamination gives rise to a peak at 285.0 eV in all samples. In this work, we have assumed a position of 285.0 eV for C atoms without polar neighbors (CH). These atoms are present in the contamination and in the acetyl group of N-acetyl galactosamine. The remaining peaks were assigned as follows: CO at 286.7–286.8 eV for all monosaccharides except N-acetyl galactosamine where it positioned at 286.4 eV, OCO at 287.8–288.0 for glucose, glucuronic acid, and N-acetyl galactosamine, but 288.3 eV for glucosamine and galactosamine, and finally, COOH at 289.5 eV in glucuronic acid. We have, in this work, not considered secondary shifts in BE in the peak assignment of the spectral features table.
In glucosamine and galactosamine, the positive charged protonated amine was observed at 402.0 eV in N 1s spectra. This charge was balanced by chlorine counter ions giving rise to Cl 2p3/2 components at 198.2–198.3 eV for these two standards.
Previously, XPS spectra from maltodextrin, a linear polysaccharide containing glucose monomers, have been published in this journal (Accession No. 00254) (Ref. 3). That study presents a C 1s spectrum fitted with three components with FWHM 1.30 eV at 284.8 eV (from C contamination), 286.4 eV (from alcohol), and 287.8 eV (from acetal). The corresponding O 1s spectrum was fitted by one component with a FWHM of 1.58 eV at 532.7 eV. Using a binding energy scale correction similar to this work, alcohol would be positioned at 286.6 eV and acetal at 288.0 eV, in close agreement with our observations for the glucose monosaccharide (286.7 and 288.0 eV).
In Tables I and II, experimentally observed atomic ratios are compared to theoretical values based on the chemical structures in Fig. 1. The comparison shows good agreement but with the presence of an adventitious carbon contamination on all samples. This contribution represents 1–5 at. % of aliphatic carbon (Table II) that is not expected from the chemical structure of the monosaccharides.
Comparison between theoretical (based on Fig. 1) and experimental elemental atomic % for monosaccharides.
| Atomic % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory | C | O | N | Cl |
| Glucose (01982) | 50.0 | 50.0 | – | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | 46.2 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Galactosamine (01984) | 46.2 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | 46.2 | 53.8 | – | – |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 53.3 | 40.0 | 6.7 | – |
| Atomic % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory | C | O | N | Cl |
| Glucose (01982) | 50.0 | 50.0 | – | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | 46.2 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Galactosamine (01984) | 46.2 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | 46.2 | 53.8 | – | – |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 53.3 | 40.0 | 6.7 | – |
| Experimental | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (01982) | 56.5 | 43.5 | – | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | 50.8 | 35.8 | 7.7 | 5.7 |
| Galactosamine (01984) | 51.6 | 35.2 | 7.4 | 5.8 |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | 52.2 | 47.2 | 0.6 | – |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 56.8 | 36.9 | 6.4 | – |
| Experimental | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (01982) | 56.5 | 43.5 | – | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | 50.8 | 35.8 | 7.7 | 5.7 |
| Galactosamine (01984) | 51.6 | 35.2 | 7.4 | 5.8 |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | 52.2 | 47.2 | 0.6 | – |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 56.8 | 36.9 | 6.4 | – |
Comparison between theoretical (based on Fig. 1) and experimental atomic % of C components for monosaccharides.
| Theory | CH | CN/CO | NC = O/ OCO | COO— |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (01982) | – | 41.7 | 8.3 | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | – | 38.5 | 7.7 | – |
| Galactosamine (01984) | – | 38.5 | 7.7 | – |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | – | 30.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 6.7 | 33.3 | 13.3 | – |
| Theory | CH | CN/CO | NC = O/ OCO | COO— |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (01982) | – | 41.7 | 8.3 | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | – | 38.5 | 7.7 | – |
| Galactosamine (01984) | – | 38.5 | 7.7 | – |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | – | 30.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 6.7 | 33.3 | 13.3 | – |
| Experimental | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (01982) | 1.9 | 41.3 | 13.3 | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | 1.3 | 38.2 | 11.3 | – |
| Galactosamine (01984) | 3.7 | 37.8 | 10.1 | – |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | 4.7 | 26.2 | 13.2 | 8.1 |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 9.2 | 32.9 | 14.7 | – |
| Experimental | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (01982) | 1.9 | 41.3 | 13.3 | – |
| Glucosamine (01983) | 1.3 | 38.2 | 11.3 | – |
| Galactosamine (01984) | 3.7 | 37.8 | 10.1 | – |
| Glucuronic acid (01985) | 4.7 | 26.2 | 13.2 | 8.1 |
| N-acetyl galactosamine (01986) | 9.2 | 32.9 | 14.7 | – |
SPECIMEN DESCRIPTION (ACCESSION # 01982, 01983, 01984, 01985, 01986)
Specimen: Glucose (01982), glucosamine (01983), galactosamine (01984), glucuronic acid (01985), and N-acetyl galactosamine (01986)
CAS Registry #: 50-99-7; 66-84-2; 1772-03-8; 6556-12-03; 1811-31-0
Specimen Characteristics: Homogeneous; solid; unknown crystallinity; dielectric; biological material; other
Chemical Name: N/A
Source: Sigma-Aldrich/Merck and BDH for glucose
Specimen Composition: Commercial powders were analyzed as received
Form: Powder
Structure: N/A
History and Significance: These references are important for assignment spectra of biological samples containing monosaccharides at the surface.
As Received Condition: The commercially available reference samples were received as powders.
Analyzed Region: Same as specimen
Ex Situ Preparation/Mounting: The powder was gently ground in a mortar and placed onto the sample holder using a spatula. Thereafter, the powder was gently pressed to form a smooth surface.
In Situ Preparation: Analysis was done at room temperature, 293 K. To limit x-ray induced changes in the spectra, the C 1s region was analyzed at the start of the measurement for all samples except for glucose.
Charge Control: Charge neutralization using the built-in charge neutralizing system of the instrument. Filament current of 1.8 A, charge balance of 3.2 V, filament bias of 1.2 V, and magnetic lens trim coil of 0.2 A
Temp. During Analysis: 293 K
Pressure During Analysis: <1.3 × 10−7 Pa
Pre-analysis Beam Exposure: ~200 s
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
Manufacturer and Model: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Detector: Multichannel resistive plate
Number of Detector Elements: 128
INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS COMMON TO ALL SPECTRA
Spectrometer
Analyzer Mode: Constant pass energy
Throughput (T = EN): N = 0
Excitation Source Window: Not specified
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W, User defined
Source Beam Size: 2000 × 1000 μm2
Signal Mode: Multichannel direct
Geometry
Incident Angle: 54°
Source-to-Analyzer Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Specimen Azimuthal Angle: 45°
Acceptance Angle from Analyzer Axis: 0°
Analyzer Angular Acceptance Width: 40° × 40°
DATA ANALYSIS METHOD
Energy Scale Correction: Calibrated to aliphatic C component in C 1s at 285.0 eV following ISO standards 19318:2004 and 15472:2010. Our spectrometer is calibrated once per year according to ISO standard 15472.
Recommended Energy Scale Shift: Sample dependent; please consult the guide to figures table below.
Peak Shape and Background Method: GL50, Shirley background (except for N 1s for glucuronic acid where a linear background was used to avoid an unrealistic slope). Spectra were fitted using Casa XPS with as few components as possible and without further restrictions, unless specifically indicated in the Spectral features table (below).
Quantitation Method: Based on peak areas and relative sensitivity factors (Ref. 4). Quantification was based on the peak areas in high-resolution spectra.
SPECTRAL FEATURES TABLE
| Spectrum ID # | Element/Transition | Peak Energy (eV) | Peak Width FWHM (eV) | Peak Area (eV × cts/s) | Sensitivity Factor | Concentration (at. %) | Peak Assignment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01982-02 | O 1s | 533.1 | 1.4 | 34 855 | 0.780 | 43.5 | COC and OH |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | 288.0 | 1.3 | 3 802 | 0.278 | 13.3 | OCO |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | 286.7 | 1.0 | 11 795 | 0.278 | 41.3 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.0 | 544 | 0.278 | 1.9 | CCHa from contamination (FWHM restricted to ≥1.0) |
| 01983-02 | O 1s | 533.1 | 1.4 | 57 663 | 0.780 | 35.8 | COC and OH (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4) |
| 01983-03 | N 1s | 402.0 | 1.4 | 7 188 | 0.477 | 7.3 | NH+ |
| 01983-03 | N 1s | 399.7 | 1.0 | 363 | 0.477 | 0.4 | NH |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | 288.3 | 1.4 | 6 506 | 0.278 | 11.3 | OCO |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | 286.7 | 1.1 | 21 928 | 0.278 | 38.2 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.0 | 754 | 0.278 | 1.3 | CCHa from contamination |
| 01983-05 | Cl 2p | 198.3 | 1.1 | 7 058 | 0.891 | 3.8 | Cl-2p3/2 |
| 01983-05 | Cl 2p | 199.9 | 1.1 | 3 523 | 0.891 | 1.9 | Cl-2p1/2 (components linked) |
| 01984-02 | O 1s | 533.1 | 1.4 | 36 069 | 0.780 | 35.2 | COC and OH (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4) |
| 01984-03 | N 1s | 402.0 | 1.4 | 4 277 | 0.477 | 6.8 | NH+ |
| 01984-03 | N 1s | 399.8 | 1.1 | 382 | 0.477 | 0.6 | NH |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | 288.3 | 1.2 | 3 707 | 0.278 | 10.1 | OCO |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | 286.7 | 1.1 | 13 804 | 0.278 | 37.8 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.0 | 1 349 | 0.278 | 3.7 | CCHa from contamination |
| 01984-05 | Cl 2p | 198.2 | 1.1 | 4 551 | 0.891 | 3.9 | Cl-2p3/2 |
| 01984-05 | Cl 2p | 199.8 | 1.1 | 2 272 | 0.891 | 1.9 | Cl-2p1/2 (components linked) |
| 01985-02 | O 1s | 534.1 | 1.4 | 13 644 | 0.780 | 7.2 | COO |
| 01985-02 | O 1s | 533.0 | 1.4 | 75 474 | 0.780 | 40.0 | COC and OH (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4 for both) |
| 01985-03 | N 1s | 402.2 | 1.4 | 176 | 0.477 | 0.2 | NH+ (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4) |
| 01985-03 | N 1s | 400.2 | 1.4 | 515 | 0.477 | 0.4 | NH |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 289.5 | 1.2 | 5 449 | 0.278 | 8.1 | O = C—OH |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 287.8 | 1.4 | 8 860 | 0.278 | 13.2 | OCO |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 286.8 | 1.1 | 17 649 | 0.278 | 26.2 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.2 | 3 158 | 0.278 | 4.7 | CCHa from contamination |
| 01986-02 | O 1s | 532.6 | 1.4 | 33 500 | 0.780 | 34.4 | COC and OH |
| 01986-02 | O 1s | 531.3 | 1.0 | 2 415 | 0.780 | 2.5 | NC = O |
| 01986-03 | N 1s | 399.9 | 1.2 | 3 796 | 0.477 | 6.4 | NH |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | 288.0 | 1.3 | 5 096 | 0.278 | 14.7 | OCO/NC = O |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | 286.4 | 1.1 | 11 434 | 0.278 | 32.9 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.1 | 3 179 | 0.278 | 9.2 | CH3 and CCHa from contamination |
| Spectrum ID # | Element/Transition | Peak Energy (eV) | Peak Width FWHM (eV) | Peak Area (eV × cts/s) | Sensitivity Factor | Concentration (at. %) | Peak Assignment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01982-02 | O 1s | 533.1 | 1.4 | 34 855 | 0.780 | 43.5 | COC and OH |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | 288.0 | 1.3 | 3 802 | 0.278 | 13.3 | OCO |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | 286.7 | 1.0 | 11 795 | 0.278 | 41.3 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.0 | 544 | 0.278 | 1.9 | CCHa from contamination (FWHM restricted to ≥1.0) |
| 01983-02 | O 1s | 533.1 | 1.4 | 57 663 | 0.780 | 35.8 | COC and OH (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4) |
| 01983-03 | N 1s | 402.0 | 1.4 | 7 188 | 0.477 | 7.3 | NH+ |
| 01983-03 | N 1s | 399.7 | 1.0 | 363 | 0.477 | 0.4 | NH |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | 288.3 | 1.4 | 6 506 | 0.278 | 11.3 | OCO |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | 286.7 | 1.1 | 21 928 | 0.278 | 38.2 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.0 | 754 | 0.278 | 1.3 | CCHa from contamination |
| 01983-05 | Cl 2p | 198.3 | 1.1 | 7 058 | 0.891 | 3.8 | Cl-2p3/2 |
| 01983-05 | Cl 2p | 199.9 | 1.1 | 3 523 | 0.891 | 1.9 | Cl-2p1/2 (components linked) |
| 01984-02 | O 1s | 533.1 | 1.4 | 36 069 | 0.780 | 35.2 | COC and OH (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4) |
| 01984-03 | N 1s | 402.0 | 1.4 | 4 277 | 0.477 | 6.8 | NH+ |
| 01984-03 | N 1s | 399.8 | 1.1 | 382 | 0.477 | 0.6 | NH |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | 288.3 | 1.2 | 3 707 | 0.278 | 10.1 | OCO |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | 286.7 | 1.1 | 13 804 | 0.278 | 37.8 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.0 | 1 349 | 0.278 | 3.7 | CCHa from contamination |
| 01984-05 | Cl 2p | 198.2 | 1.1 | 4 551 | 0.891 | 3.9 | Cl-2p3/2 |
| 01984-05 | Cl 2p | 199.8 | 1.1 | 2 272 | 0.891 | 1.9 | Cl-2p1/2 (components linked) |
| 01985-02 | O 1s | 534.1 | 1.4 | 13 644 | 0.780 | 7.2 | COO |
| 01985-02 | O 1s | 533.0 | 1.4 | 75 474 | 0.780 | 40.0 | COC and OH (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4 for both) |
| 01985-03 | N 1s | 402.2 | 1.4 | 176 | 0.477 | 0.2 | NH+ (FWHM restricted to ≤1.4) |
| 01985-03 | N 1s | 400.2 | 1.4 | 515 | 0.477 | 0.4 | NH |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 289.5 | 1.2 | 5 449 | 0.278 | 8.1 | O = C—OH |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 287.8 | 1.4 | 8 860 | 0.278 | 13.2 | OCO |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 286.8 | 1.1 | 17 649 | 0.278 | 26.2 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.2 | 3 158 | 0.278 | 4.7 | CCHa from contamination |
| 01986-02 | O 1s | 532.6 | 1.4 | 33 500 | 0.780 | 34.4 | COC and OH |
| 01986-02 | O 1s | 531.3 | 1.0 | 2 415 | 0.780 | 2.5 | NC = O |
| 01986-03 | N 1s | 399.9 | 1.2 | 3 796 | 0.477 | 6.4 | NH |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | 288.0 | 1.3 | 5 096 | 0.278 | 14.7 | OCO/NC = O |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | 286.4 | 1.1 | 11 434 | 0.278 | 32.9 | C—O/C—OH |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | 285.0 | 1.1 | 3 179 | 0.278 | 9.2 | CH3 and CCHa from contamination |
CCH denotes C only bound to C and H.
ANALYZER CALIBRATION TABLE
| Spectrum ID # | Element/Transition | Peak Energy (eV) | Peak Width FWHM (eV) | Peak Area (eV × cts/s) | Sensitivity Factor | Concentration (at. %) | Peak Assignment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| … | Ag 3d5/2 | 368.2 | 0.59 | 71 319 | 5.987 | 100 | Ag |
| Spectrum ID # | Element/Transition | Peak Energy (eV) | Peak Width FWHM (eV) | Peak Area (eV × cts/s) | Sensitivity Factor | Concentration (at. %) | Peak Assignment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| … | Ag 3d5/2 | 368.2 | 0.59 | 71 319 | 5.987 | 100 | Ag |
GUIDE TO FIGURES
| Spectrum (Accession) # | Spectral Region | Voltage Shifta | Multiplier | Baseline | Comment # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01982-01 | Survey | −2.7 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01982-02 | O 1s | −2.7 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | −2.7 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-01 | Survey | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-02 | O 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-03 | N 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-05 | Cl 2p | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-01 | Survey | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-02 | O 1s | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-03 | N 1s | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-05 | Cl 2p | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-01 | Survey | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-02 | O 1s | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-03 | N 1s | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-01 | Survey | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-02 | O 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-03 | N 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| Spectrum (Accession) # | Spectral Region | Voltage Shifta | Multiplier | Baseline | Comment # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01982-01 | Survey | −2.7 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01982-02 | O 1s | −2.7 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01982-03 | C 1s | −2.7 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-01 | Survey | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-02 | O 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-03 | N 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-04 | C 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01983-05 | Cl 2p | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-01 | Survey | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-02 | O 1s | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-03 | N 1s | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-04 | C 1s | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01984-05 | Cl 2p | −3.2 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-01 | Survey | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-02 | O 1s | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-03 | N 1s | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01985-04 | C 1s | −3.1 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-01 | Survey | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-02 | O 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-03 | N 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
| 01986-04 | C 1s | −3.0 | 1 | 0 | … |
Voltage shift of the archived (as-measured) spectrum relative to the printed figure. The figure reflects the recommended energy scale correction due to calibration correction, sample charging, flood gun, or other phenomenon.
| ■ Accession #: | 01982-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucose |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 180 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | 445 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| ■ Accession #: | 01982-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucose |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 180 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | 445 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| ■ Accession #: | 01982-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucose |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 180 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | 445 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| ■ Accession #: | 01982-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucose |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 180 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | 445 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
Accession #: 01982-02
Specimen: Glucose
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1288 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01982-02
Specimen: Glucose
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1288 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01982-03
Specimen: Glucose
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 422 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1288 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01982-03
Specimen: Glucose
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 422 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1288 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
| ■ Accession #: | 01983-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1794 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| ■ Accession #: | 01983-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1794 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| ■ Accession #: | 01983-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1794 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| ■ Accession #: | 01983-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1794 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
Accession #: 01983-02
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1224 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-02
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1224 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-03
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 422 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1224 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-03
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 422 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1224 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-04
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 301 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1224 s
Number of Scans: 5
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-04
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 301 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~1224 s
Number of Scans: 5
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-05
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: Cl 2p
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 604 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2638 s
Number of Scans: 10
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01983-05
Specimen: Glucosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: Cl 2p
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 604 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2638 s
Number of Scans: 10
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
| Accession #: | 01984-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1299 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01984-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1299 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01984-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1299 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01984-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1299 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
Accession #: 01984-02
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~727 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-02
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~727 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-03
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 904 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2866 s
Number of Scans: 15
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-03
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 904 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2866 s
Number of Scans: 15
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-04
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 301 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~727 s
Number of Scans: 5
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-04
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 301 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~727 s
Number of Scans: 5
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-05
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: Cl 2p
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 423 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2866 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01984-05
Specimen: Galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: Cl 2p
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 423 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2866 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
| Accession #: | 01985-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucuronic acid |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 198 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1135 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01985-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucuronic acid |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 198 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1135 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01985-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucuronic acid |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 198 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1135 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01985-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | Glucuronic acid |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 198 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1135 s |
| Number of Scans: | 3 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
Accession #: 01985-02
Specimen: Glucuronic acid
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~790 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01985-02
Specimen: Glucuronic acid
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~790 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01985-03
Specimen: Glucuronic acid
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 1206 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2581 s
Number of Scans: 20
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01985-03
Specimen: Glucuronic acid
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 1206 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2581 s
Number of Scans: 20
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 10985-04
Specimen: Glucuronic acid
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 301 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~790 s
Number of Scans: 5
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 10985-04
Specimen: Glucuronic acid
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 301 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~790 s
Number of Scans: 5
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
| Accession #: | 01986-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | N-acetyl galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1440 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01986-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | N-acetyl galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1440 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01986-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | N-acetyl galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1440 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
| Accession #: | 01986-01 |
|---|---|
| ■ Specimen: | N-acetyl galactosamine |
| ■ Technique: | XPS |
| ■ Spectral Region: | Survey |
| Instrument: | Kratos Axis Ultra DLD |
| Excitation Source: | Al Kα monochromatic |
| Source Energy: | 1486.7 eV |
| Source Strength: | 150 W |
| Source Size: | 2 × 1 mm2 |
| Analyzer Type: | Spherical sector analyzer |
| Incident Angle: | 54° |
| Emission Angle: | 0° |
| Analyzer Pass Energy: | 160 eV |
| Analyzer Resolution: | 2.4 eV |
| Total Signal Accumulation Time: | 330 s |
| Total Elapsed Time: | ~1440 s |
| Number of Scans: | 5 |
| Effective Detector Width: | 33.6 eV |
Accession #: 01986-02
Specimen: N-acetyl galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~868 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01986-02
Specimen: N-acetyl galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: O 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 181 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~868 s
Number of Scans: 3
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01986-03
Specimen: N-acetyl galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 904 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2584 s
Number of Scans: 15
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01986-03
Specimen: N-acetyl galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: N 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 904 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~2584 s
Number of Scans: 15
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01986-04
Specimen: N-acetyl galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 422 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~868 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
Accession #: 01986-04
Specimen: N-acetyl galactosamine
Technique: XPS
Spectral Region: C 1s
Instrument: Kratos Axis Ultra DLD
Excitation Source: Al Kα monochromatic
Source Energy: 1486.7 eV
Source Strength: 150 W
Source Size: 2 × 1 mm2
Analyzer Type: Spherical sector
Incident Angle: 54°
Emission Angle: 0°
Analyzer Pass Energy: 20 eV
Analyzer Resolution: 0.3 eV
Total Signal Accumulation Time: 422 s
Total Elapsed Time: ~868 s
Number of Scans: 7
Effective Detector Width: 4.2 eV
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Funding for XPS analyses was received from the Kempe Foundation in Sweden by M.R.
AUTHOR DECLARATIONS
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts to disclose.
Author Contributions
Madeleine Ramstedt: Conceptualization (equal); Data curation (equal); Formal analysis (equal); Funding acquisition (lead); Investigation (equal); Methodology (equal); Project administration (lead); Resources (lead); Validation (equal); Visualization (lead); Writing – original draft (lead); Writing – review & editing (equal). Andrey Shchukarev: Conceptualization (equal); Data curation (equal); Formal analysis (equal); Funding acquisition (supporting); Investigation (equal); Methodology (equal); Project administration (supporting); Resources (supporting); Validation (equal); Visualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (supporting); Writing – review & editing (equal).
DATA AVAILABILITY
Raw data are available as supplementary material to this publication from the SSS webpage.
