Copper was analyzed using high-resolution high energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The HAXPES spectra of copper obtained using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation at 5414.8 eV include survey scan and high-resolution spectra of Cu 2s, Cu 2p3/2, Cu 3s, Cu 3p, Cu LMM, and Ar 1s.

1.
See https://www.ulvac-phi.com/en/products/xps/quantes/ for a description of the Quantes spectrometer.
2.
See https://www.kratos.com/products/axis-supra-xps-surface-analysis-instrument/ for a description of the AXIS Ultra spectrometer.
3.

Supplementary Material

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