Copper was analyzed using high-resolution high energy x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The HAXPES spectra of copper obtained using monochromatic Cr Kα radiation at 5414.8 eV include survey scan and high-resolution spectra of Cu 2s, Cu 2p3/2, Cu 3s, Cu 3p, Cu LMM, and Ar 1s.

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