Near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., greater than 2500 Pa. With NAP-XPS, a wide variety of unconventional materials can be analyzed, including moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. Charge compensation with NAP-XPS takes place simply through the residual/background gas in the chamber, which is ionized by the incident x-rays. High quality spectra—high resolution and good signal-to-noise ratios—are regularly obtained. This article is an introduction to a series of papers in Surface Science Spectra on the NAP-XPS characterization of a series of materials. The purpose of these articles is to introduce and demonstrate the versatility and usefulness of the technique.
REFERENCES
1.
P.
van der heide
, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. An Introduction to Principles and Practices
, 1st ed. (Wiley
, New York
, 2012
).2.
J. F.
Watts
and J.
Wolstenholme
, An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES
(Wiley
, New York
, 2014
).3.
4.
5.
V.
Gupta
, H.
Ganegoda
, M. H.
Engelhard
, J.
Terry
, and M. R.
Linford
, J. Chem. Educ.
91
, 232
(2014
). 6.
D.
Shah
, D. I.
Patel
, T.
Roychowdhury
, G. B.
Rayner
, N.
O’Toole
, D. R.
Baer
, and M. R.
Linford
, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
36
, 062902
(2018
). 7.
V.
Jain
, M. C.
Biesinger
, and M. R.
Linford
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
447
, 548
(2018
). 8.
B.
Singh
, A.
Diwan
, V.
Jain
, A.
Herrera-Gomez
, J.
Terry
, and M. R.
Linford
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
387
, 155
(2016
). 9.
10.
H.
Ganegoda
, D. S.
Jensen
, D.
Olive
, L.
Cheng
, C. U.
Serge
, M. R.
Linford
, and J.
Terry
, J. Appl. Phys.
111
, 1
(2012
). 11.
S.
Tardio
and P. J.
Cumpson
, Surf. Interface Anal.
50
, 5
(2018
). 12.
S. L.
McArthur
, G.
Mishra
, and C. D.
Easton
, “Applications of XPS in biology and biointerface analysis
,” in Surface Analysis and Techniques in Biology
, edited by V.
Smentkowski
(Springer International
, Berlin
, 2014
).13.
M.
Kjaervik
, K.
Schwibbert
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thißen
, and W. E. S.
Unger
, Surf. Interface Anal.
50
, 996
(2018
). 14.
M. A.
Robinson
and D. G.
Castner
, Biointerphases
8
, 15
(2013
). 15.
K.
Schaepe
, J. K.
Himmelreich
, M.
Rohnke
, A.-S.
Wegner
, T.
Schaaf
, S.
Wenisch
, and J.
Janek
, Biointerphases
10
, 1
(2015
). 16.
M.
Salmeron
and R.
Schlögl
, Surf. Sci. Rep.
63
, 169
(2008
). 17.
G.
Olivieri
, J. B.
Giorgi
, R. G.
Green
, and M. A.
Brown
, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
216
, 1
(2017
). 18.
C.
Arble
, M.
Jia
, and J. T.
Newberg
, Surf. Sci. Rep.
73
, 37
(2018
). 19.
O.
Karsloglu
et al., Faraday Discuss.
180
, 35
(2015
). 20.
C. V.
Cushman
, C. T.
Dahlquist
, P. M.
Dietrich
, S.
Bahr
, A.
Thißen
, O.
Schaff
, J.
Banerjee
, N. J.
Smith
, and M. R.
Linford
, Vac. Technol. Coat.
18
, 23
(2017
).21.
P. M.
Dietrich
, S.
Bahr
, T.
Yamamoto
, M.
Meyer
, and A.
Thissen
, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
231
, 118
(2019
). 22.
C.
Rodriguez
, P.
Dietrich
, V.
Torres-Costa
, V.
Cebrián
, C.
Gómez-Abad
, A.
Díaz
, O.
Ahumada
, and M. M.
Silván
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
(2019
).23.
M.
Kjærvik
, A.
Hermanns
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thissen
, S.
Bahr
, B.
Ritter
, E.
Kemnitz
, and W. E. S.
Unger
, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
29
, 474002
(2017
). 24.
M.
Kjærvik
, K.
Schwibbert
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thissen
, and W. E. S.
Unger
, Surf. Interface Anal.
50
, 996
(2018
). 25.
G.
Beamson
and D.
Briggs
, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers: The Scienta ESCA300 Database
, Illustrated ed. (Wiley
, New York
, 1992
).26.
B.
Singh
, D.
Velázquez
, J.
Terry
, and M. R.
Linford
, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
197
, 112
(2014
). 27.
B.
Singh
, D.
Velázquez
, J.
Terry
, and M. R.
Linford
, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
197
, 56
(2014
). 28.
T. G.
Avval
, S.
Chatterjee
, S.
Bahr
, P.
Dietrich
, M.
Meyer
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, “Carbon dioxide gas, CO2(g), by near-ambient pressure XPS
,” Surf. Sci. Spectra
(accepted). 29.
T. G.
Avval
, C. V.
Cushman
, S.
Bahr
, P.
Dietrich
, M.
Meyer
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, “DMSO, by near-ambient pressure XPS
,” Surf. Sci. Spectra
(accepted). 30.
V.
Jain
, M.
Kjærvik
, S.
Bahr
, P.
Dietrich
, M.
Meyer
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, “Bovine serum albumin,aqueous solution, by near-ambient pressure XPS
,” Surf. Sci. Spectra
(accepted). 31.
T.
Roychowdhury
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, Surf. Sci. Spectra
26
, 014019
(2019
).32.
T.
Roychowdhury
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, Surf. Sci. Spectra
26
, 014017
(2019
).33.
T.
Roychowdhury
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, Surf. Sci. Spectra
26
, 014018
(2019
).34.
T.
Roychowdhury
, P.
Dietrich
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, Surf. Sci. Spectra
26
, 014015
(2019
).35.
O. W.
Moe
, Lancet
367
, 333
(2006
). 36.
N.
Pathak
, A. K.
Rai
, R.
Kumari
, and K. V.
Bhat
, Pharmacogn. Rev.
8
, 147
(2014
). 37.
V.
Jain
, S.
Bahr
, P.
Dietrich
, M.
Meyer
, A.
Thißen
, and M. R.
Linford
, “Teflon (PTFE), by near-ambient pressure XPS
,” Surf. Sci. Spectra
(accepted). © 2019 Author(s).
2019
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
