fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] has been investigated by means of soft desorption/ionization induced by neutral SO2 clusters in combination with mass spectrometry. Desorption of intact Ir(ppy)3 was observed. Further analysis of the isotopic pattern revealed two forms of ionization, either by uptake of a proton or by electron abstraction. The relative contribution of the two processes depends on measurement time and H2O partial pressure, as well as preparation scheme and surface morphology of the samples.
REFERENCES
1.
M. A.
Baldo
, D. F.
O’Brien
, Y.
You
, A.
Shoustikov
, S.
Sibley
, M. E.
Thompson
, and S. R.
Forrest
, Nature
395
, 151
(1998
). 2.
M. A.
Baldo
, S.
Lamansky
, P. E.
Burrows
, M. E.
Thompson
, and S. R.
Forrest
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
75
, 4
(1999
). 3.
M.
Ikai
, S.
Tokito
, Y.
Sakamoto
, T.
Suzuki
, and Y.
Taga
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
79
, 156
(2001
). 4.
Y.
Kawamura
, K.
Goushi
, J.
Brooks
, J. J.
Brown
, H.
Sasabe
, and C.
Adachi
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
86
, 071104
(2005
). 5.
L.
Flamigni
, A.
Barbieri
, C.
Sabatini
, B.
Ventura
, and F.
Barigelletti
, in Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds II, edited by V. Balzani and S. Campagna (Springer, Berlin, 2007), pp. 143–203.6.
G.
Hong
, X.
Gan
, C.
Leonhardt
, Z.
Zhang
, J.
Seibert
, J. M.
Busch
, and S.
Bräse
, Adv. Mater.
33
, 2005630
(2021
). 7.
V. V.
Grushin
, N.
Herron
, D. D.
LeCloux
, W. J.
Marshall
, V. A.
Petrov
, and Y.
Wang
, Chem. Commun.
2001
, 1494
(2001
). 8.
A.
Beeby
, S.
Bettington
, I. D. W.
Samuel
, and Z.
Wang
, J. Mater. Chem.
13
, 80
(2003
). 9.
A. B.
Tamayo
, B. D.
Alleyne
, P. I.
Djurovich
, S.
Lamansky
, I.
Tsyba
, N. N.
Ho
, R.
Bau
, and M. E.
Thompson
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
125
, 7377
(2003
). 10.
Y.
Natori
, Y.
Kitagawa
, S.
Aoki
, R.
Teramoto
, H.
Tada
, I.
Era
, and M.
Nakano
, Molecules
23
, 577
(2018
). 11.
Y.-X.
Hu
, X.
Xia
, W.-Z.
He
, Z.-J.
Tang
, Y.-L.
Lv
, X.
Li
, and D.-Y.
Zhang
, Org. Electron.
66
, 126
(2019
). 12.
D. J.
Graham
, M. S.
Wagner
, and D. G.
Castner
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
252
, 6860
(2006
). 13.
E.
Schulz
, M.
Karas
, F.
Rosu
, and V.
Gabelica
, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
17
, 1005
(2006
). 14.
K.
Demeure
, V.
Gabelica
, and E. A. D.
Pauw
, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
21
, 1906
(2010
). 15.
C. M.
Mahoney
, Mass Spectrom. Rev.
29
, 247
(2010
). 16.
Y.
Yokoyama
et al., Anal. Chem.
88
, 3592
(2016
). 17.
J. Y.
Baek
, C. M.
Choi
, S. J.
Lee
, B. K.
Min
, H. S.
Kang
, D. C.
Choo
, J. Y.
Sung
, J. S.
Jin
, and M. C.
Choi
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
507
, 144887
(2019
). 18.
P.
Schneider
, F.
Verloh
, A.
Portz
, S.
Aoyagi
, M.
Rohnke
, and M.
Dürr
, Anal. Chem.
92
, 15604
(2020
). 19.
X.
Lou
, J.
van Buijtenen
, J. J. A.
M. Bastiaansen
, B. F. M.
de Waal
, B. M. W.
Langeveld
, and J. L. J.
van Dongen
, J. Mass Spectrom.
40
, 654
(2005
). 20.
I. R.
de Moraes
, S.
Scholz
, B.
Lüssem
, and K.
Leo
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
, 152
(2011
). 21.
C.
Gebhardt
, A.
Tomsic
, H.
Schröder
, M.
Dürr
, and K.
Kompa
, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
48
, 4162
(2009
). 22.
M.
Baur
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
28
, 290
(2014
). 23.
A.
Portz
, K.
Bomhardt
, M.
Rohnke
, P.
Schneider
, A.
Asperger
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, Biointerphases
15
, 021001
(2020
). 24.
K.
Bomhardt
, P.
Schneider
, M.
Rohnke
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, Analyst
147
, 333
(2022
). 25.
K.
Bomhardt
, P.
Schneider
, T.
Glaser
, and M.
Dürr
, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
33
, 974
(2022
). 26.
P.
Schneider
, F.
Verloh
, and M.
Dürr
, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.
33
, 832
(2022
). 27.
A. G.
Shard
, A.
Miisho
, J.-L.
Vorng
, R.
Havelund
, I. S.
Gilmore
, and S.
Aoyagi
, Surf. Interface Anal.
54
, 363
(2022
). 28.
K.
Bomhardt
, P.
Schneider
, A.
Portz
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, J. Vis. Exp.
11
, e60487
(2020
).29.
F.
Eusepi
, A.
Tomsic
, and C. R.
Gebhardt
, Anal. Chem.
75
, 5124
(2003
). 30.
P.
Schneider
and M.
Dürr
, J. Chem. Phys.
150
, 214301
(2019
). 31.
M.
Baur
, B.-J.
Lee
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
, 234103
(2011
). 32.
A.
Portz
, M.
Baur
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, A. J.
Frank
, P.
Neuderth
, M.
Eickhoff
, and M.
Dürr
, J. Chem. Phys.
146
, 134705
(2017
). 33.
A. R.
Hands
and A. R.
Katritzky
, J. Chem. Soc.
1958
, 1754
.34.
A. R.
Gallopo
and J. O.
Edwards
, J. Org. Chem.
46
, 1684
(1981
). 35.
See supplementary material online for (1) full DINeC mass spectra of Ir(ppy)3 (Figs. S1 and S2); (2) absolute signal intensity of [Ir(ppy)3]+ and [Ir(ppy)3+H]+ as a function of time (Figs. S3–S5).
36.
A.
Portz
, S.
Aoyagi
, and M.
Dürr
, Biointerphases
13
, 03B405
(2018
). 37.
B.-J.
Lee
, M.
Baur
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
27
, 1090
(2013
). 38.
A.
Portz
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, and M.
Dürr
, J. Phys. Chem. B
121
, 11031
(2017
). 39.
A. Y.
Gitlina
, F.
Fadaei-Tirani
, A.
Ruggi
, C.
Plaice
, and K.
Severin
, Chem. Sci.
13
, 10370
(2022
).40.
C. R.
Gebhardt
, H.
Schröder
, and K. L.
Kompa
, Nature
400
, 544
(1999
). 41.
B.-J.
Lee
, C. R.
Gebhardt
, H.
Schröder
, K.-L.
Kompa
, and M.
Dürr
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
556
, 77
(2013
). 42.
M.
Mesta
et al., Nat. Mater.
12
, 652
(2013
). 43.
H.
Yoshida
and K.
Yoshizaki
, Org. Elec.
20
, 24
(2015
). 44.
45.
J.
Fine
, K.
Diri
, A. I.
Krylov
, C.
Nemirow
, Z.
Lu
, and C.
Wittig
, Mol. Phys.
110
, 1849
(2012
). 46.
Y.
Nakato
, K.
Abe
, and H.
Tsubomura
, Chem. Phys. Lett.
39
, 358
(1976
). 47.
“Section 10: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics: Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules,” in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed., edited by D. R. Lide (CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, USA, 2003), pp. 181–198.
48.
M. R.
Nimlos
and G. B.
Ellison
, J. Phys. Chem.
90
, 2574
(1986
). 49.
P.
Schneider
, P.
Keller
, I.
Schubert
, M.
Bender
, C.
Trautmann
, and M.
Dürr
, Sci. Rep.
12
, 17975
(2022
). 2023 Published under an exclusive license by the AVS.
2023
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.