Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a range of applications including catalysis, hydrogen production, and water purification. In this work, anatase TiO2 was annealed in vacuum at 800 °C, resulting in a conductive thin film. Exposure to subgap laser light (532 nm wavelength) caused a seven order-of-magnitude increase in resistance. Laser-irradiated regions showed an increase in optical transmission, consistent with a reduction in oxygen vacancy concentration. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate that laser irradiation did not change the morphology, composition, or phase of the material.
REFERENCES
1.
C.-G.
Kuo
, C. Y.
Hsu
, S. S.
Wang
, and D. C.
Wen
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
258
, 6952
(2012
). 2.
B.
O’Regan
and M.
Grätzel
, Nature
353
, 737
(1991
). 3.
A.
Fujishima
and K.
Honda
, Nature
238
, 37
(1972
). 4.
L.
Linsebigler
, G.
Lu
, and J. T.
Yates
, Jr., Chem. Rev.
95
, 735
(1995
). 5.
P.
Kondaiah
, M. C.
Sekhar
, S. J.
Chandra
, R.
Martins
, S.
Uthanna
, and E.
Elangovan
, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.
30
, 012005
(2012
). 6.
H.
Poelman
, D.
Poelman
, D.
Depla
, H.
Tomaszewski
, L.
Fiermans
, and R.
De Gryse
, Surf. Sci.
485
, 482
(2001
). 7.
G. D.
Wilk
, R. M.
Wallace
, and J. M.
Anthony
, J. Appl. Phys.
89
, 5243
(2001
). 8.
X.
Chen
and S. S.
Mao
, Chem. Rev.
107
, 2891
(2007
). 9.
P. B.
Nair
, V. B.
Justinvictor
, G. P.
Daniel
, K.
Joy
, V.
Ramakrishnan
, and P. V.
Thomas
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
257
, 10869
(2011
). 10.
M. D.
Wiggins
, M. C.
Neison
, and C. R.
Aita
, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
14
, 772
(1996
). 11.
L.
Forro
, O.
Chauvet
, D.
Emin
, L.
Zuppiroli
, H.
Berger
, and F.
Lévy
, J. Appl. Phys.
75
, 633
(1994
). 12.
A.
Janotti
, J. B.
Varley
, P.
Rinke
, N.
Umezawa
, G.
Kresse
, and C. G.
Van de Walle
, Phys. Rev. B
81
, 085212
(2010
). 13.
M.
Setvin
, C.
Franchini
, X.
Hao
, M.
Schmid
, A.
Janotti
, M.
Kaltak
, C. G.
Van de Walle
, G.
Kresse
, and U.
Diebold
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
113
, 086402
(2014
). 14.
X.
Gong
and A.
Selloni
, J. Phys. Chem. B
109
, 19560
(2005
). 15.
X. Q.
Gong
, A.
Selloni
, and A.
Vittadini
, J. Phys. Chem. B
110
, 2804
(2006
). 16.
M.
Lazzeri
and A.
Selloni
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
87
, 266105
(2001
). 17.
M.
Lazzeri
, A.
Vittadini
, and A.
Selloni
, Phys. Rev. B
63
, 155409
(2001
). 18.
A.
Vittadini
, M.
Casarin
, and A.
Selloni
, Theor. Chem. Acc.
117
, 663
(2007
). 19.
A.
Vittadini
, A.
Selloni
, F. P.
Rotzinger
, and M.
Grätzel
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
81
, 2954
(1998
). 20.
G.
Mattioli
, P.
Alippi
, F.
Filippone
, R.
Caminiti
, and A. A.
Bonapasta
, J. Phys. Chem. C
114
, 21694
(2010
). 21.
P.
Deák
, B.
Aradi
, and T.
Frauenheim
, Phys. Rev. B
86
, 195206
(2012
). 22.
I.
Justicia
, P.
Ordejón
, G.
Canto
, J. L.
Mozos
, J.
Fraxedas
, G. A.
Battiston
, R.
Gerbasi
, and A.
Figueras
, Adv. Mater.
14
, 1399
(2002
). 23.
D. C.
Cronemeyer
, Phys. Rev.
87
, 876
(1952
). 24.
A.
Tehemiya
and D.
Raoufi
, Semicond. Sci. Technol.
31
, 125012
(2016
). 25.
M.
Landman
, E.
Rauls
, and W. G.
Schmidt
, J. Phys. Condens. Matter
24
, 195503
(2012
). 26.
R.
Swanepoel
, J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum.
16
, 1214
(1983
). 27.
S. H.
Mohamed
, O.
Kappertz
, T. P.
Leervad Pedersen
, R.
Drese
, and M.
Wuttig
, Phys. Status Solidi A
198
, 224
(2003
). 28.
H. C.
Choi
, Y. M.
Jung
, and S. B.
Kim
, Vib. Spectrosc.
37
, 33
(2005
). 29.
V.
Swamy
, A.
Kuznetsov
, L. S.
Dubrovinsky
, R. A.
Caruso
, D. G.
Shchukin
, and B. C.
Muddle
, Phys. Rev. B
71
, 184302
(2005
). 30.
D.
Pighini
, D.
Aymes
, N.
Millot
, and L.
Saviot
, J. Nanopart. Res.
9
, 309
(2007
). 31.
S.
Moser
et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.
110
, 196403
(2013
). 32.
See supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5142402 for AFM and XPS data.
© 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
