Surface analysis including x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), core electron energy‐loss (CEEL), and temperature programmed oxidation–XPS have been used to characterize the fines from a tar sand oil obtained by extraction of a western tar sand, a shale oil obtained by retort of a western shale, and a coal liquid produced by direct liquefaction of a sub‐bituminous coal. Our results identify the modes of interaction involved between different organic and mineral types. In tar sand fines, the major mineral component is clay. The dominant organic interaction with the clay phase is with N‐rich asphaltenes. In shale, the major mineral component is Ca and Ca/Mg carbonates while clay represents a minor component. The major bonding between the organic and mineral phases is a cation–carboxylate interaction. However, the clay continues to bind up a substantial fraction of the N‐rich organics although it represents a minor phase. In coal liquid, the fines consist of a heterogeneous mix of organic and mineral phases. The mineral particles, in particular Fe, are strongly associated with organics. CEEL analysis of the organics shows highly aromatic structure. Comparing organics on fines with coal feed indicates hydrogen incorporation during coal liquefaction.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
Research Article|
May 01 1988
A study of organic/inorganic interactions in syncrude fines by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and core electron energy‐loss spectroscopy
G. W. Zajac;
G. W. Zajac
Amoco Corporation, Amoco Research Center, Naperville, Illinois 60566
Search for other works by this author on:
T. H. Fleisch;
T. H. Fleisch
Amoco Corporation, Amoco Research Center, Naperville, Illinois 60566
Search for other works by this author on:
F. S. C. Lee
F. S. C. Lee
Amoco Corporation, Amoco Research Center, Naperville, Illinois 60566
Search for other works by this author on:
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 1118–1122 (1988)
Article history
Received:
September 23 1987
Accepted:
November 09 1987
Citation
G. W. Zajac, T. H. Fleisch, F. S. C. Lee; A study of organic/inorganic interactions in syncrude fines by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and core electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 May 1988; 6 (3): 1118–1122. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575656
Download citation file:
Sign in
Don't already have an account? Register
Sign In
You could not be signed in. Please check your credentials and make sure you have an active account and try again.
Could not validate captcha. Please try again.
Sign in via your Institution
Sign in via your InstitutionPay-Per-View Access
$40.00
Citing articles via
Related Content
Lethality of Rendang packaged in multilayer retortable pouch with sterilization process
AIP Conference Proceedings (January 2017)
Analysis of transient temperature distribution in oil shale due to heat source propagating in retort
Journal of Applied Physics (August 2008)
Monitoring in situ retorting processes of oil shale by reflected and transmitted electromagnetic waves
Journal of Applied Physics (July 2008)
Optimization of crystal quality by improving heat transfer properties of titanium carbide retort in the directional solidification
AIP Conference Proceedings (November 2020)