Defect structures of semipolar GaN thin film, grown on the m-plane of sapphire, were investigated using the home-built cathodoluminescence (CL) stage in TEM. The CL maps with high spatial resolution identify the type of basal plane stacking faults (BSFs) and visualize their distribution. I1-BSF type defects had the highest population and the I2-BSF type defect was revealed in the form of thin strips with less population. Partial dislocations and basal stacking fault-related defects existed in the form of segmented lines but with strong luminescence characteristics. TEM-CL was able to identify the distribution and the characteristic luminescence from the defects, which were difficult to discern in the typical defect analysis.
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See supplementary material online for the schematic diagram of the semipolar
GaN film with the extended defects structures; dark-field images to reveal different types of dislocations and its relative density; and two-color images in combinations of PD-I1, PD-I2, and PD-NBE.
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