The review article provides an overview of the most important and popular techniques for evaluating the porosity of thin films developed for various applications. These methods include ellipsometric porosimetry (EP), positron annihilation (lifetime) spectroscopy (PAS/PALS), and grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS). Special attention is given to the challenges associated with interpreting the measured data and the inherent limitations of each method. It is demonstrated that EP, GISAXS, and PALS are all informative for studying the pore structure in thin films, with each method offering unique insights. GISAXS, in particular, allows for the evaluation of three-dimensional mesostructures, including pore arrangement, pore spacing, and structural order. On the other hand, PALS has a unique advantage in its capability to analyze extremely small isolated pores (free volume). The advantage of EP lies in its simplicity and the possibility to analyze multiple properties from the same set of measurements. The cross-evaluation of different methods offers important insights into the complex pore structure of materials, highlighting the significance of appropriate modeling and interpretation of data.
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September 2023
Review Article|
July 20 2023
Challenges in porosity characterization of thin films: Cross-evaluation of different techniques
Mikhail R. Baklanov
;
Mikhail R. Baklanov
a)
(Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision)
1
European Centre for Knowledge and Technology Transfer (EUROTEX)
, Brussels 1040, Belgium
2
MIREA—Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA)
, Moscow 119454, Russian Federation
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: baklanovmr@gmail.com
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Konstantin P. Mogilnikov
;
Konstantin P. Mogilnikov
(Data curation, Methodology, Software)
3
Institute of Semiconductor Physics
, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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Alexey S. Vishnevskiy
Alexey S. Vishnevskiy
(Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation)
2
MIREA—Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA)
, Moscow 119454, Russian Federation
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a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: baklanovmr@gmail.com
a)
Note: This paper is part of the Special Topic Collection: Reproducibility Challenges and Solutions II with a Focus on Surface and Interface Analysis.
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 41, 050802 (2023)
Article history
Received:
April 29 2023
Accepted:
June 22 2023
Citation
Mikhail R. Baklanov, Konstantin P. Mogilnikov, Alexey S. Vishnevskiy; Challenges in porosity characterization of thin films: Cross-evaluation of different techniques. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 September 2023; 41 (5): 050802. https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0002793
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