Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the authors characterize the thermally activated changes that occur when Cu is deposited on amorphous carbon supported on Si at 300 K, then heated to 800 K. The authors compare data for Cu on the basal plane of graphite with pinning defects, where scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that coarsening is the main process in this temperature range. Coarsening begins at 500–600 K and causes moderate attenuation of the Cu photoelectron signal. For Cu on amorphous carbon, heating to 800 K causes Cu to diffuse into the bulk of the film, based on the strong attenuation of the Cu signal. Diffusion into the bulk of the amorphous carbon film is confirmed by changes in the shape of the Cu 2p inelastic tail, and by comparison of attenuation between Cu 2p and Cu 3p lines. The magnitude of the photoelectron signal attenuation is compatible with Cu distributed homogeneously throughout the amorphous carbon film, and is not compatible with Cu at or below the C–Si interface under the conditions of our experiments. Desorption is not significant at temperatures up to 800 K.
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November 2017
Research Article|
July 11 2017
Thermally activated diffusion of copper into amorphous carbon
David Appy;
David Appy
The Ames Laboratory
, Ames, Iowa 50011 and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University
, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Mark Wallingford;
Dapeng Jing;
Dapeng Jing
b)
The Ames Laboratory
, Ames, Iowa 50011 and Materials Analysis and Research Laboratory, Iowa State University
, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Michael C. Tringides;
Michael C. Tringides
The Ames Laboratory
, Ames, Iowa 50011 and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University
, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Gunther Richter;
Gunther Richter
Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Patricia A. Thiel
Patricia A. Thiel
The Ames Laboratory
, Ames, Iowa 50011; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University
, Ames, Iowa 50011; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University
, Ames, Iowa 50011
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a)
Present address: Mantis Deposition, Inc., 10200 E. Girard Ave, Denver, CO 80231.
b)
Electronic mail: djing@iastate.edu
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 35, 061401 (2017)
Article history
Received:
April 24 2017
Accepted:
June 21 2017
Citation
David Appy, Mark Wallingford, Dapeng Jing, Ryan Ott, Michael C. Tringides, Gunther Richter, Patricia A. Thiel; Thermally activated diffusion of copper into amorphous carbon. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 November 2017; 35 (6): 061401. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4991519
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