The authors successfully synthesized titanium oxide nanopowder with visible-light photocatalytic ability by low-pressure flat-flame metal organic chemical vapor condensation method. In order to confirm that carbon doping is a viable mechanism for the visible-light absorption of the powder prepared by this method, they modify the process by total exclusion of nitrogen usage to eliminate the nitrogen doping possibility. Since nitrogen is avoided in the process, the visible-light absorption cannot be due to nitrogen doping. They also found that the nanopowder formed has a single phase of anatase. Thus the nanopowder does not have anatase/rutile interface, and the authors can eliminate the possibility of visible-light absorption by the anatase/rutile interface. The visible-light absorption should thus be resort to the carbon doping. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show the presence of several carbon related bonds except Ti–C bond. This suggests that the carbon does not incorporate into the crystal and should locate on the surface of the nanopowder. Thus the carbon species act as a visible-light sensitizer for the as a photocatalyst. Among all carbon bonds the C–C bond is believed to be responsible for the light absorption, since all other carbon related bonds are not chromophores. The visible-light photocatalysis induced by carbon doping is confirmed and explained.
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July 2010
Research Article|
June 29 2010
Identification of carbon sensitization for the visible-light photocatalytic titanium oxide Available to Purchase
Y. J. Chen;
Y. J. Chen
a)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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G. Y. Jhan;
G. Y. Jhan
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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G. L. Cai;
G. L. Cai
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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C. S. Lin;
C. S. Lin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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M. S. Wong;
M. S. Wong
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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S.-C. Ke;
S.-C. Ke
Department of Physics,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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H. H. Lo;
H. H. Lo
Department of Physics,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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C. L. Cheng;
C. L. Cheng
Department of Physics,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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J.-J. Shyue
J.-J. Shyue
Research Center for Applied Sciences,
Academia Sinica
, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Y. J. Chen
a)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
G. Y. Jhan
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
G. L. Cai
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
C. S. Lin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
M. S. Wong
Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan and Graduate Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
S.-C. Ke
Department of Physics,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
H. H. Lo
Department of Physics,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
C. L. Cheng
Department of Physics,
National Dong Hwa University
, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
J.-J. Shyue
Research Center for Applied Sciences,
Academia Sinica
, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwana)
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 779–782 (2010)
Article history
Received:
November 02 2009
Accepted:
November 16 2009
Citation
Y. J. Chen, G. Y. Jhan, G. L. Cai, C. S. Lin, M. S. Wong, S.-C. Ke, H. H. Lo, C. L. Cheng, J.-J. Shyue; Identification of carbon sensitization for the visible-light photocatalytic titanium oxide. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 July 2010; 28 (4): 779–782. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3278514
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