The “new vacuum technology” began in 1950 with the development of the Bayard–Alpert gauge which ended the limitation on the lowest measurable pressure that had existed for more than two decades. This led to the development of ultrahigh vacuum technology and the conversion of vacuum methodology from an art to a science. The Committee on Vacuum Technology, which was the precursor to the American Vacuum Society (AVS), was born three years later. This article considers the history, and possible future, of vacuum science and technology, and serves to introduce the following five articles which review the major advances in vacuum science and technology during the 50 years of the lifetime of the AVS.
Topics
Vacuum technology
REFERENCES
1.
R. T.
Bayard
and D.
Alpert
, “Extension of the lower pressure range of the ionization gauge
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
21
, 571
(1950
).2.
P. A. Redhead, “The quest for ultrahigh vacuum (1910-1950),” in Vacuum Science and Technology, Pioneers of the 20th Century, edited by P. A. Redhead (AIP, New York, 1994), p. 133.
3.
D.
Alpert
, “New developments in the production and measurement of ultra high vacuum
,” J. Appl. Phys.
24
, 860
(1953
).4.
D.
Alpert
and R. S.
Buritz
, “Ultra-high vacuum. II. Limiting factors on the attainment of very low pressures
,” J. Appl. Phys.
25
, 202
(1954
).5.
J. M.
Lafferty
, “Vacuum: from art to exact science
,” Phys. Today
34
, 211
(1981
).6.
W. R. Wheeler and M. Carlson, “Ultra-high vacuum flanges,” Trans. 8th Nat. AVS Symposium and 2nd International Vacuum Congress (Pergamon, Oxford, 1962), p. 1309.
7.
J. P.
Hobson
, “The future of vacuum technology
,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
2
, 144
(1984
).8.
R. C. Davidson, Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990).
9.
W. D.
Davis
, “Sputter-ion pumping and partial pressure measurements below 10−11 Torr
,” Trans. AVS Vacuum Symp.
9
, 438
(1962
).10.
H.
Akimichi
, Y.
Aria
, K.
Takeuchi
, Y.
Tuzi
, and I.
Arakawa
, “Calibration of an axial symmetric transmission gauge in ultrahigh and extreme high vacuum
,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
15
, 753
(1997
).11.
S. A.
McLuckey
and J. M.
Wells
, “Mass analysis at the advent of the 21st century
,” Chem. Rev. (Washington, D.C.)
101
, 571
(2001
).12.
A.
Makarov
, “Electrostatic axially harmonic orbital trapping: a high performance technique of mass analysis
,” Anal. Chem.
72
, 1156
(2000
).13.
C.
Benvenuti
, “Extreme vacua: achievements and expectations
,” Phys. Scr., T
T22
, 48
(1988
).14.
P. A. Redhead, “Extreme high vacuum,” CERN Accelerator School on Vacuum Technology, CERN Report No. 99-05, 1999 (unpublished), p. 213.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2003 American Vacuum Society.
2003
American Vacuum Society
You do not currently have access to this content.
