In this Tutorial series, we aim to provide an accessible introduction to vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy, targeted toward people entering the VSFG world without a rigorous formal background in optical physics or nonlinear spectroscopy. In this article, we describe in depth how a broadband VSFG spectrometer is designed and constructed, using the instrument in SurfLab, Aarhus University, as an illustrative case. Detailed information about specific instrumentation (together with reasons why things are the way they are) is given throughout. This information is often omitted in other descriptions of such instrumentation and so will be invaluable to people new to the field.
REFERENCES
1.
J. D.
Pickering
, M.
Bregnhøj
, A. S.
Chatterley
, M. H.
Rasmussen
, K.
Strunge
, and T.
Weidner
, Biointerphases
17
, 011201
(2022
). 2.
J. D.
Pickering
, Ultrafast Lasers and Optics for Experimentalists
, 1st ed. (IOP
, Bristol, UK
, 2021
).3.
P. W.
Milonni
and J. H.
Eberly
, Laser Physics
(Wiley
, New York
, 2010
).4.
S.
Hooker
and C.
Webb
, Laser Physics
, Oxford Master Series in Physics (Oxford University
, Oxford
, 2010
).5.
F. L.
Pedrotti
, L. M.
Pedrotti
, and L. S.
Pedrotti
, Introduction to Optics
, 3rd ed. (Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge, UK
, 2017
).6.
S. J.
Roeters
, et al., Nat. Commun.
12
, 1183
(2021
). 7.
T. W.
Golbek
, L.
Schmüser
, M. H.
Rasmussen
, T. B.
Poulsen
, and T.
Weidner
, Langmuir
36
, 3184
(2020
). 8.
Z.
Heiner
, L.
Wang
, V.
Petrov
, and M.
Mero
, Opt. Express
27
, 15289
(2019
). 9.
Y.
Qian
, G.-h.
Deng
, and Y.
Rao
, J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
11
, 6763
(2020
). 10.
F.
Yesudas
, M.
Mero
, J.
Kneipp
, and Z.
Heiner
, J. Chem. Phys.
148
, 104702
(2018
). 11.
12.
A.
Lagutchev
, S. A.
Hambir
, and D. D.
Dlott
, J. Phys. Chem. C
111
, 13645
(2007
). 13.
S. A.
Sorenson
, J. G.
Patrow
, and J. M.
Dawlaty
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
139
, 2369
(2017
). 14.
A. U.
Chowdhury
, et al., Opt. Lett.
43
, 2038
(2018
). 15.
Z.
Heiner
, V.
Petrov
, and M.
Mero
, APL Photonics
2
, 066102
(2017
). 16.
C.
Weeraman
, S. A.
Mitchell
, R.
Lausten
, L. J.
Johnston
, and A.
Stolow
, Opt. Express
18
, 11483
(2010
). 17.
Y.
He
, G.
Chen
, M.
Xu
, Y.
Liu
, and Z.
Wang
, J. Lumin.
152
, 244
(2014
). 18.
J. D.
Pickering
, “SFG upconversion simulator,” 2021, see https://github.com/james-d-pickering/SFG_upconversion_simulator.19.
R.
Trebino
, “Tutorials.”20.
J.
Franz
, M.-J.
van Zadel
, and T.
Weidner
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
88
, 053106
(2017
). 21.
J. D.
Pickering
, A. S.
Chatterley
, M.
Bregnhøj
, and T.
Weidner
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
92
, 094104
(2021
). 22.
T.
Garling
, R. K.
Campen
, M.
Wolf
, and M.
Thömer
, J. Phys. Chem. A
123
, 11022
(2019
). 23.
“Newport optics technical notes: Getting light into a monochromator,” (2021), see https://www.newport.com/t/getting-light-into-a-monochromator.
24.
“Newport optics technical notes: Light collection and optical system throughput,” (2021), see https://www.newport.com/t/light-collection-and-systems-throughput.
25.
“Hamamatsu learning center: CCD noise sources and signal-to-noise ratio,” see https://hamamatsu.magnet.fsu.edu/articles/ccdsnr.html.
26.
“Horiba technical notes: Selecting a CCDl camera for spectroscopic applications,” see https://www.horiba.com/en_en/ccd-camera-spectroscopic-applications.
27.
X.
Zhuang
, P. B.
Miranda
, D.
Kim
, and Y. R.
Shen
, Phys. Rev. B
59
, 12632
(1999
). 28.
S.
Hosseinpour
, S. J.
Roeters
, M.
Bonn
, W.
Peukert
, S.
Woutersen
, and T.
Weidner
, Chem. Rev.
120
, 3420
–3465
(2020
). 29.
J.
Vörös
, Biophys. J.
87
, 553
(2004
). 30.
J. D.
Pickering
, “SFG local field correction factors,” (2021), see https://github.com/james-d-pickering/SFG_localfieldfactors.2022 Published under an exclusive license by the AVS.
2022
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
