Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) three-dimensional (3D) depth profiling and a novel background subtraction method were used to localize polymeric nanoparticles within cells. Results showed that ToF-SIMS 3D depth profiling is capable of localizing polymer nanoparticles within HeLa cells. ToF-SIMS results compared well with optical images of cells incubated with fluorescently labeled polymer nanoparticles, with both imaging techniques demonstrating clustering of nanoparticles in punctate regions consistent with endosomal localization as anticipated based on the nanoparticle design.
References
1.
J. A.
Hubbell
and R.
Langer
, Nat. Mater.
12
, 963
(2013
).2.
C. J.
Cheng
, G. T.
Tietjen
, J. K.
Saucier-Sawyer
, and W. M.
Saltzman
, Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery
14
, 239
(2015
).3.
R. A.
Petros
and J. M.
DeSimone
, Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery
9
, 615
(2010
).4.
M. E.
Davis
, Z.
Chen
, and D. M.
Shin
, Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery
7
, 771
(2008
).5.
D. W.
Pack
, A. S.
Hoffman
, S.
Pun
, and P. S.
Stayton
, Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery
4
, 581
(2005
).6.
S. S.
Malhi
and R. S. R.
Murthy
, Expert Opin. Drug Delivery
9
, 909
(2012
).7.
Z. S.
Ge
and S. Y.
Liu
, Chem. Soc. Rev.
42
, 7289
(2013
).8.
A. L.
Fu
, R.
Tang
, J.
Hardie
, M. E.
Farkas
, and V. M.
Rotello
, Bioconjugate Chem.
25
, 1602
(2014
).9.
J.
Brison
, M. A.
Robinson
, D. S. W.
Benoit
, S.
Muramoto
, P. S.
Stayton
, and D. G.
Castner
, Anal. Chem.
85
, 10869
(2013
).10.
J. S.
Fletcher
, N. P.
Lockyer
, S.
Vaidyanathan
, and J. C.
Vickerman
, Anal. Chem.
79
, 2199
(2007
).11.
M. A.
Robinson
, D. J.
Graham
, and D. G.
Castner
, Anal. Chem.
84
, 4880
(2012
).12.
D.
Breitenstein
, C. E.
Rommel
, J.
Stolwijk
, J.
Wegener
, and B.
Hagenhoff
, Appl. Surf. Sci.
255
, 1249
(2008
).13.
T. B.
Angerer
and J. S.
Fletcher
, Surf. Interface Anal.
46
, 198
(2014
).14.
J.
Kokesch-Himmelreich
, B.
Woltmann
, B.
Torger
, M.
Rohnke
, S.
Arnhold
, U.
Hempel
, M.
Muller
, and J.
Janek
, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
407
, 4555
(2015
).15.
H. K.
Shete
, R. H.
Prabhu
, and V. B.
Patravale
, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
14
, 460
(2014
).16.
A. J.
Convertine
, D. S. W.
Benoit
, C. L.
Duvall
, A. S.
Hoffman
, and P. S.
Stayton
, J. Controlled Release
133
, 221
(2009
).17.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4934795 for NMR Spectra and peak assignments, additional fluorescense images and background subtraction examples.
18.
J. T.
Wilson
, S.
Keller
, M. J.
Manganiello
, C.
Cheng
, C. C.
Lee
, C.
Opara
, A.
Convertine
, and P. S.
Stayton
, ACS Nano
7
, 3912
(2013
).19.
S.
Keller
, J. T.
Wilson
, G. I.
Patilea
, H. B.
Kern
, A. J.
Convertine
, and P. S.
Stayton
, J. Controlled Release
191
, 24
(2014
).20.
J.
Brison
, S.
Muramoto
, and D. G.
Castner
, J. Phys. Chem. C
114
, 5565
(2010
).21.
C. L.
Duvall
, A. J.
Convertine
, D. S. W.
Benoit
, A. S.
Hoffman
, and P. S.
Stayton
, Mol. Pharmaceutics
7
, 468
(2010
).22.
G. Y.
Berguig
, A. J.
Convertine
, J.
Shi
, M. C.
Palanca-Wessels
, C. L.
Duvall
, S. H.
Pun
, O. W.
Press
, and P. S.
Stayton
, Mol. Pharmaceutics
9
, 3506
(2012
).23.
A. J.
Convertine
, C.
Diab
, M.
Prieve
, A.
Paschal
, A. S.
Hoffman
, P. H.
Johnson
, and P. S.
Stayton
, Biomacromolecules
11
, 2904
(2010
).24.
B.
Shi
and M.
Abrams
, J. Histochem. Cytochem.
61
, 407
(2013
).25.
G.
Sahay
et al, Nat. Biotechnol.
31
, 653
(2013
).© 2015 American Vacuum Society.
2015
American Vacuum Society
You do not currently have access to this content.
