Model‐based trumpet tone synthesis Free

In an effort to produce realistic trumpet tones, a detailed model of the dynamics of the instrument and the player was created. The trumpet was modeled as a collection of linear circuit elements to account for the effects of the mouthpiece, tubing, bell, and radiation impedance. Testing was performed using both impulse response and equivalent length measurements, verifying the accuracy of the model. The model of the player extends from the lungs through the lips and contains both linear and nonlinear elements. The two nonlinearities are due to the inelastic collision of the lips, and the impedance of the lip opening. These models were computer simulated varying three control parameters: the spring constant of the upper lip, the force keeping the lips closed (which can also be thought of as an offset in the spring's zero position), and the pressure in the lung. Listeners report that the resulting simulated tones are quire realistic. These tones demonstrate many of the attributes of real trumpet tones, including the tendency to lock onto the same notes in the harmonic series.