Handbook of hydrophone element design technology

This handbook consolidates existing information regarding hydrophone element design. The handbook presents useful working equations and includes graphical and schematic information necessary for selecting designs once system constraints have been specified. The major effort involves designs using piezoelectric ceramics since these are the primary materials used in Navy sonar systems. The handbook contains (1) Introduction, (2) Basic Hydrophone Criteria—electrical, mechanical, and environmental criteria, (3) Energy Conversion Materials—material parameters and stability characteristics of stress and time, (4) Basic Hydrophone Design Considerations—analysis of simple configurations such as cylinders, spheres, and flexural disks; hydrophone characteristics versus physical dimensions; and performance tradeoff criteria, (5) Receiving System Noise Analysis—ambient noise, receiver noise, system optimization, signal‐to‐noise ratio, effects of cable, magnetic hydrophones, and hydrophone arrays, (6) Special Hydrophone Design Considerations‐pressure compensation features, directional hydrophones (pressure gradient and multimode hydrophones), amplifiers, acceleration cancellation features, and shock protection features, and (7) Complementary Materials—end cap materials and fill fluids. [Work supported by NAVELEX.]