Computational aeroacoustics and phase-conjugation technique for localizing flow-induced sources Free

This paper presents a framework comprising computational aeroacoustics (CAA) solvers and a numerical phase-conjugation technique to localize flow-induced noise sources generated by bodies immersed in low Mach number flows. Two test-cases were considered, namely, flow over a two-dimensional (a) circular cylinder at Reynolds number Re =150 and Mach number M = 0.2 and (b) NACA-0012 airfoil at Re = 5000 and angle of attack (AoA) α = 5 deg. The CAA simulations were carried out in OpenFOAM wherein the two-dimensional unsteady, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations was solved using either the pressure-implicit splitting of operators (PISO) algorithm or large eddy simulation (LES). The near-field aerodynamic sources were extracted in terms of the unsteady Lighthill stress tensor terms, following which the far-field acoustic data were computed on boundary nodes using different methods which include the numerical solution of the Lighthill equation, Curle’s analogy, and Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FWH) analogy as well as linearized Euler equations (LEE). Next, the frequency-domain phase-conjugation (PC) method was implemented in the finite-element (FE) based COMSOL software to reconstruct the radiated acoustic pressure field, whereby the dipole source location was readily identified by pair of focal spots at the cylinder or at the airfoil trailing-edge (TE).