Investigation of reconfigurable antennas by foldable, e-textile tessellations: Modeling and experimentation

Physical deformation mechanisms are emerging as compelling and simple ways to adapt wave propagation properties of antenna arrays in contrast to digital steering approaches acting on topologically fixed antennas. Concepts of physical reconfigurability also enable exceptional capabilities such as deployable and morphing antenna arrays that serve multiple functions and permit compact transport with ease. Yet, the emergent concepts lack broad understanding of effective approaches to integrate conformal, electrically conductive architectures with high-compliance foldable frameworks. To explore this essential interface where electrical demands and mechanical requirements may conflict, this research studies e-textile-based reconfigurable antenna arrays that conform to adaptable topologies by origami-inspired tessellations. The e-textiles leverage embroidered conductive threads along frameworks established on origami tessellations to permit large compliance at folding edges as needed while retaining the desired electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics. Computational modeling is used to guide experimental fabrications and validations. It is found that e-textile origami antenna arrays permit significant adaptation of wave radiation while maintaining the required mechanical robustness under folding sequences. These findings may motivate future concepts for reconfigurable antennas established upon physical deformation processes.