Conch-shells, bells, and gongs in Hindu temples

Acoustics plays an important role in Hinduism and Hindu temples and worship practices. Several instruments such as conch-shells, bells, and gongs due to their musical qualities are used to enhance the spiritual experience of devotees in Hindu temples. These instruments are used to augment the acoustically rich Vedic chanting and singing. These instruments are generally used in a room called Ardha Mantapa (in Sanskrit), which is coupled to the Sanctum Sanctorum (called as Garbha Griha in Sanskrit) in a Hindu temple. The Garbha Griha and the Ardha Mantapa play an important role in the acoustical environment in the temples. These instruments are used both individually as well as collectively during the worship. These instruments through their tonal quality complement the soundscape of the environment. This presentation deals with spectral measurements of these instruments and also the acoustical aspects of the temple space. Measurements taken in two Hindu temples will be presented.