Can you say [v] or [x]? Aerodynamics of nasalized fricatives in Scots Gaelic Free

Scots Gaelic is said to have nasalized fricatives ([$ṽ$⁠, $x̃$⁠, $h̃$] etc.). Nasalized fricatives may be aerodynamically impossible (except [$h̃$]), because opening the velum would vent the high oral pressure required for frication (Ohala 1975). However, phonologically nasalized fricatives which are realized some other way phonetically are possible, and [$h̃$] is possible because the frication occurs behind the velic opening. The current work presents oral and nasal airflow data from 14 native speakers of Scots Gaelic, primarily from the Skye dialect, to investigate the nasalized fricative distinction. Results indicate that the most common solution to the aerodynamic problem is to neutralize the distinction: most phonological nasalized fricatives, from most speakers, are simply not nasalized at all ([v] for [$ṽ$]. Some tokens show nasalization during the preceding vowel ([$ã$v] for [a$ṽ$]). Some tokens in which the expected fricative is pronounced as an approximant (common in Scots Gaelic) show nasalization $w̃$ for [$ṽ$]). Furthermore, [$h̃$] occurs. Very rarely, there may be slight nasalization overlapping part of an oral fricative. Thus, the data show that conflicting aerodynamic demands are resolved variably: in this dialect, the distinction is usually neutralized; when it is not, several alternatives that avoid the aerodynamic conflict are produced.