Social context influences acoustic communication in zebra finches.

During communication, a signal conveys information between an emitter and a receiver, but indirect receivers can eavesdrop on the interaction. In birds, communication has been demonstrated to often be under the influence of this eavesdropping. Social species show complex communication networks where audience drives individual behaviors. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are gregarious songbirds that live in social groups and form life‐long pair‐bonds. Previous studies showed that the vocal behavior of males highly depends on this audience effect. Males show mate calls preference over other female calls in the presence of an established male‐female pair, but not in the presence of unmated male‐female or male‐male dyads. Males in social groups also show stronger vocal response to female calls than males in social isolation. In this study, we investigate whether female calls of varied social salience evoke differently male calling according to the audience. We show that social context modifies not only call rate in response to female calls of varied social salience, but also acoustic structure of evoked calls. Thus male distance calls are not stereotyped calls whose acoustic cues only convey bird’s identity. We propose that fine spectral modifications of the calls could carry information about the emitter motivation.