The effects of the glottal geometry on intraglottal pressure distributions

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the glottal geometry on intraglottal and transglottal pressures using a Plexiglas model and a commercially computational fluid dynamics code, fluent. Nine glottal angles (uniform, as well as convergent and divergent 5, 10, 20, and 40 deg), 18 inferior vocal‐fold angles varied from 87.5 to −10 deg, and 19 superior vocal‐fold surface angles varied from −85 to 45 deg for uniform, convergen 10‐ and divergent 10‐deg glottal angle, and a wide range of entrance radii varied from 0.26 to 0.005 cm for different divergent glottis were selected separately to examine their pressure distribution effects. The empirical data were supported by computational results using fluent. The results suggest that the 10‐deg divergence angle may correspond to least flow resistance, the vocal‐fold surface pressures are essentially independent of the inferior and superior vocal‐fold surface angles realistic for human phonation, and a small glottal entrance radius tends to lower the transglottal pressure, move the minimal pressure near the glottal entrance more upstream, and make the pressure dip more negative in value. These results suggest that the glottal geometry should be well specified when using physical, mathematical phonatory models.