Acoustic backscatter at very high frequencies from rough seabeds

Acoustic backscatter data were gathered from a variety of seabed types, both in the laboratory tank and in coastal waters. Data were gathered from sandy sediments in the tank, with a variety of characterized rough surfaces, using narrow‐band pulses at frequencies between 100 and 950 kHz. Wideband data gathered at sea were obtained at frequencies between 80 and 650 kHz. Data gathered at sea from the Acoustic Range at QinetiQ Bincleaves included backscatter from the natural sandy seabed, but also scatter from several artificial sediments (sand, gravel, and pebbles) placed in a rotator. The latter equipment allowed acoustic interrogation of the same patch of seabed from multiple angles. Experimental data are compared with fluid, poroelastic, and discrete scatterer models, with a view to recommendations for the modeling of seabed backscatter in the frequency band 100 kHz to 1 MHz.