Confusion effects with sinusoidal and narrow‐band noise forward maskers

In some forward‐masking conditions, signal thresholds may be elevated by the listener’s inability to distinguish the signal from the preceding masker. In this study, such ‘‘confusion’’ effects are investigated for both sinusoidal and narrow‐band noise forward maskers combined with sinusoidal signals of varying duration. Results for the sinusoidal maskers show effects of off‐frequency listening for brief signals and possibly small effects of confusion for longer signals. Results for the narrow‐band noise maskers show a marked influence of confusion over a wide range of signal durations. This range is in good agreement with that predicted from previous work with ‘‘pulsing’’ maskers [D. Neff, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1966–1976 (1985)]. These results suggest that studies using narrow‐band noise forward maskers or studies of psychophysical suppression should include direct tests for confusion effects in key conditions.