Transformation characteristics of the external human ear

With an impulse response technique the transfer functions from the free sound field to the ear‐canal entrance were measured on 20 subjects for sound incidence from ten directions of the symmetry plane and 20 directions of the horizontal plane. Separate for each direction amplitude and phase of these transfer functions were averaged using a technic, which yields mean values still containing fine structures of single measurements. Additionally the transfer function of the ear canal was measured on three subjects. The eardrum impedance was then computed from this transfer function and completes the poor knowledge of the eardrum impedance in the frequency range from 2 to 15 kHz.