A model-based analysis of sound transmission in a deep ice-covered Arctic ocean recorded during the Ice Experiment 2014 is presented. A source of opportunity transmitted mid-frequency (3500 Hz) 5 s duration continuous wave pulses. The source and receiver were omnidirectional, located under ice at a ∼30 m depth at a ∼719 m distance from each other. Recorded acoustic intensity time series showed a clear direct blast signal followed by an about 30 s duration reverberation coda. The model considers several types of arrivals contributing to the received signal at different time intervals. The direct signal, corresponding to a short-range nearly horizontal propagation, is strongly affected by the presence of a weak near-surface (within 50 m depth) acoustic channel. Reverberation coda that follows the direct signal corresponds to medium-range bottom- and ice-bounced arrivals from steep angles which are controlled by reflectivity and scattering strengths of ice and bottom, their physical properties, and acoustical parameters.
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August 2022
August 18 2022
Midfrequency acoustic propagation and reverberation in a deep ice-covered Arctic ocean
Anatoliy N. Ivakin
;
Anatoliy N. Ivakin
a)
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington
, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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Kevin L. Williams
Kevin L. Williams
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington
, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington
, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
a)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 152, 1035–1044 (2022)
Article history
Received:
September 07 2021
Accepted:
July 25 2022
Citation
Anatoliy N. Ivakin, Kevin L. Williams; Midfrequency acoustic propagation and reverberation in a deep ice-covered Arctic ocean. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 August 2022; 152 (2): 1035–1044. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0013503
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