Odontocetes have evolved special acoustic structures in the forehead to modulate echolocation and communication signals into directional beams to facilitate feeding and social behaviors. Whistle directivity was addressed for the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) by developing numerical models in the current paper. Directivity was first examined at the fundamental frequency 5 kHz, and simulations were then extended to the harmonics of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kHz. At 5 kHz, the –3 dB beam widths in the vertical and horizontal planes were 149.3° and 119.4°, corresponding to the directivity indexes (DIs) of 4.4 and 5.4 dB, respectively. More importantly, we incorporated directivity of the fundamental frequency and harmonics to produce an overall beam, resulting in −3 dB beam widths of 77.2° and 62.9° and DIs of 8.2 and 9.7 dB in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. Harmonics can enhance the directivity of fundamental frequency by 3.8 and 4.3 dB, respectively. These results suggested the transmission system can modulate whistles into directional projection, and harmonics can improve DI.
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June 2022
June 01 2022
Investigation on whistle directivity in the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) through numerical modeling
Zhongchang Song
;
Zhongchang Song
1
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Chuang Zhang
;
Chuang Zhang
a)
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Weijie Fu;
Weijie Fu
a)
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Zhanyuan Gao;
Zhanyuan Gao
a)
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Wenzhan Ou;
Wenzhan Ou
a)
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Jinhu Zhang;
Jinhu Zhang
a)
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Yu Zhang
Yu Zhang
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
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Zhongchang Song
1
Chuang Zhang
2,a)
Weijie Fu
2,a)
Zhanyuan Gao
2,a)
Wenzhan Ou
2,a)
Jinhu Zhang
2,a)
Yu Zhang
2
1
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University
, Xiamen 361005, China
a)
Also at: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
b)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 151, 3573–3579 (2022)
Article history
Received:
January 21 2022
Accepted:
May 11 2022
Citation
Zhongchang Song, Chuang Zhang, Weijie Fu, Zhanyuan Gao, Wenzhan Ou, Jinhu Zhang, Yu Zhang; Investigation on whistle directivity in the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) through numerical modeling. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 2022; 151 (6): 3573–3579. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0011513
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