Human adults rely on both acoustic and linguistic information to identify adult talkers. Assuming favorable conditions, adult listeners recognize other adults fairly accurately and quickly. But how well can adult listeners recognize child talkers, whose speech productions often differ dramatically from adult speech productions? Although adult talker recognition has been heavily studied, only one study to date has directly compared the recognition of unfamiliar adult and child talkers [Creel and Jimenez (2012). J. Exp. Child Psychol. 113(4), 487–509]. Therefore, the current study revisits this question with a much larger and younger sample of child talkers (N = 20); performance with adult talkers (N = 20) was also tested to provide a baseline. In Experiment 1, adults successfully distinguished between adult talkers in an AX discrimination task but performed much worse with child talkers. In Experiment 2, adults were slower and less accurate at learning to identify child talkers than adult talkers in a training-identification task. Finally, in Experiment 3, adults failed to improve at identifying child talkers after three days of training with numerous child voices. Taken together, these findings reveal a sizable difference in adults' ability to recognize child versus adult talkers. Possible explanations and implications for understanding human talker recognition are discussed.
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