Detection distances are critical for cetacean density and abundance estimation using distance sampling methods. Data from a drifting buoy system consisting of an autonomous recorder and a two-element vertical hydrophone array at ∼100-m depth are used to evaluate three methods for estimating the horizontal distance (range) to beaked whales making echolocation clicks. The precision in estimating time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) for direct- and surface-reflected-path clicks is estimated empirically using repeated measures over short time periods. A Teager-Kaiser energy detector is used to improve estimates of TDOA for surface-reflected signals. Simulations show that array tilt in the direction of the source cannot be reliably estimated given this array geometry and these measurements of TDOA error, which means that range cannot be reliably estimated. If array tilt can be reduced to less than 0.5°, range can be reliably estimated up to ∼3000 m. If array depth is increased to 200 m and array tilt is less than 1°, range can be reliably estimated up to ∼5000 m. Prior information on the depth of vocalizing beaked whales and estimates of declination angle can be used to precisely estimate range, but different analytical methods are required to avoid bias and to treat distributions of depth probabilistically.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
June 2017
June 14 2017
Precision and bias in estimating detection distances for beaked whale echolocation clicks using a two-element vertical hydrophone array
Jay Barlow;
Jay Barlow
a)
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center
, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
Emily T. Griffiths
Emily T. Griffiths
b)
Ocean Associates, Inc.
, 4007 North Abingdon Street, Arlington, Virginia 22207, USA
Search for other works by this author on:
a)
Electronic mail: [email protected]
b)
Also at: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141, 4388–4397 (2017)
Article history
Received:
November 16 2016
Accepted:
May 19 2017
Citation
Jay Barlow, Emily T. Griffiths; Precision and bias in estimating detection distances for beaked whale echolocation clicks using a two-element vertical hydrophone array. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 2017; 141 (6): 4388–4397. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4985109
Download citation file:
Pay-Per-View Access
$40.00
Sign In
You could not be signed in. Please check your credentials and make sure you have an active account and try again.
Citing articles via
All we know about anechoic chambers
Michael Vorländer
Day-to-day loudness assessments of indoor soundscapes: Exploring the impact of loudness indicators, person, and situation
Siegbert Versümer, Jochen Steffens, et al.
A survey of sound source localization with deep learning methods
Pierre-Amaury Grumiaux, Srđan Kitić, et al.
Related Content
Spatio-temporal distribution of beaked whales in southern California waters
J Acoust Soc Am (October 2014)
Diving behavior of Cuvier's beaked whales inferred from three-dimensional acoustic localization and tracking using a nested array of drifting hydrophone recorders
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (October 2018)
Cetacean acoustic detections from free-floating vertical hydrophone arrays in the southern California Current
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (November 2016)
Detection probability of Cuvier’s beaked whale clicks from a glider and a deep-water float
J Acoust Soc Am (September 2018)
Processing advances for localization of beaked whales using time difference of arrival
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (June 2013)