This paper introduces a simplified model [Rapid Aviation Noise Evaluator (RANE)] for the calculation of aviation noise within the context of multi-disciplinary strategic environmental assessment where input data are both limited and constrained by compatibility requirements against other disciplines. RANE relies upon the concept of noise cylinders around defined flight-tracks with the Noise Radius determined from publicly available Noise-Power-Distance curves rather than the computationally intensive multiple point-to-point grid calculation with subsequent ISO-contour interpolation methods adopted in the FAA's Integrated Noise Model (INM) and similar models. Preliminary results indicate that for simple single runway scenarios, changes in airport noise contour areas can be estimated with minimal uncertainty compared against grid-point calculation methods such as INM. In situations where such outputs are all that is required for preliminary strategic environmental assessment, there are considerable benefits in reduced input data and computation requirements. Further development of the noise-cylinder-based model (such as the incorporation of lateral attenuation, engine-installation-effects or horizontal track dispersion via the assumption of more complex noise surfaces formed around the flight-track) will allow for more complex assessment to be carried out. RANE is intended to be incorporated into technology evaluators for the noise impact assessment of novel aircraft concepts.

1.
Adib
,
M.
,
Catalano
,
F.
,
Hileman
,
J.
,
Huff
,
D.
,
Ito
,
T.
,
Joselzon
,
A.
,
Khaletskiy
,
Y.
,
Michel
,
U.
,
Mongeau
,
L.
, and
Tester
,
B. J.
(
2014
). “
Novel aircraft noise technology review and medium and long term noise reduction goals
,”
ICAO Doc 10017
Report, Montréal, Canada, http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/10017_cons_en.pdf (Last Viewed March 2015).
2.
Aeronautics Science and Technology Subcommittee (ASTS)
(
2010
). “
National aeronautics research and development plan (biennial update)
,” Washington, D.C., http://aerospace.hawaii.gov/aerostates/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/09/Study_aero-rdplan-2010.pdf (Last viewed February 2017).
3.
Ahearn
,
M. J.
,
Boeker
,
E. R.
,
Rosenbaum
,
J. E.
,
Gerbi
,
P. J.
, and
Roof
,
C. J.
(
2012
).
The Analysis of Modeling Aircraft Noise with the Nord2000 Noise Model
(
CreateSpace Independent Publ.
,
Cambridge, MA
), Chap.
1
3
.
4.
Bartels
,
S.
,
Márki
,
F.
, and
Müller
,
U.
(
2015
). “
The influence of acoustical and non-acoustical factors on short-term annoyance due to aircraft noise in the field – The COSMA study
,”
Sci. Total Environ.
538
,
834
843
.
5.
Bernardo
,
J. E.
,
Kirby
,
M.
, and
Mavris
,
D.
(
2015
). “
Development of a rapid fleet-level noise computation model
,”
J. Aircraft
52
,
721
733
.
6.
Clean Sky Joint Undertaking
(
2012
). “
Clean Sky at a glance: Bringing sustainable air transport closer
,” Brussels, Belgium, http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/pdf/cleansky_at_a_glance.pdf (Last viewed May 2015).
7.
Department for Transport (DfT)
(
2013
). “
UK aviation forecast
,” https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/223839/aviation-forecasts.pdf (Last viewed February 2015).
8.
Dessens
,
O.
,
Köhler
,
M. O.
,
Rogers
,
H. L.
,
Jones
,
R. L.
, and
Pyle
,
J. A.
(
2014
). “
Aviation and climate change
,”
Transp. Policy
34
,
14
20
.
9.
Eurocontrol
(
2013
). “
Challenges of growth, Task 7: European air traffic in 2050
,” https://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/article/content/documents/official-documents/reports/201306-challenges-of-growth-2013-task-7.pdf (Last viewed February 2015).
10.
European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC)
(
2005
). “
Report on standard method of computing noise contours around civil airports
,” ECAC.CEAC Doc 29, 3rd ed., Vol 2: Technical guide, Paris, France, https://www.ecac-ceac.org/documents/10189/51566/DOC29-Vol2-Technical+Guide-3rd_edition-e.pdf/db599b49-e0fb-4f58-a28e-29e3591b0533 (Last viewed February 7, 2017).
11.
European Commission (EC)
(
2011
). “
Flightpath 2050: Europe's vision for aviation
,”
Luxembourg
, http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/air/doc/flightpath2050.pdf (Last viewed May 2015).
12.
European Environment Agency–European Aviation Safety Agency–Eurocontrol
(
2016
). “
European aviation environmental report
,” http://ec.europa.eu/transport/modes/air/aviation-strategy/documents/european-aviation-environmental-report-2016-72dpi.pdf (Last viewed February 2016).
13.
European Union
(EU) (
2014
). “
Regulation 598/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise related operating restrictions at Union airport within a balanced approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC
” (Official Journal of the European Union L 173, 12.6.2014), p.
65
-
78
.
14.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
(
2008
). “
Integrated Noise Model (INM) [version 7.0]
,” Technical Manual, Rept. FAA-AEE-08-01, Washington, D.C., https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/research/models/inm_model/inm7_0d/media/INM_7.0_Technical_Manual.pdf (Last viewed January 2015).
15.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
(
2012
). “
Portfolio of goals, FY 2011 methodology report, FAA flight plan performance measures
,” Washington, D.C., http://www.faa.gov/about/plans_reports/media/FY11%20Portfolio%20of%20Goals.pdf (Last viewed May 2015).
16.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
(
2014
). “
Continuous lower emissions, energy, and noise (CLEEN) program
,” Washington, D.C., https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/research/aircraft_technology/cleen (Last viewed May 2015).
17.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
(
2015
). “
Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) User Guide [version 2b]
,” Washington, D.C., https://aedt.faa.gov/Documents/UserGuide.pdf (Last viewed September 2015).
18.
Hileman
,
J. I.
,
De la Rosa Blanco
,
E.
,
Bonnefoy
,
P. A.
, and
Carter
,
N. A.
(
2013
). “
The carbon dioxide challenge facing aviation
,”
Prog. Aerosp. Sci.
63
,
84
95
.
19.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
(
2008
). “
Recommended method for computing noise contours around airport
,” DOC 9911, Montréal, Canada.
20.
Jones
,
K.
, and
Cadoux
,
R.
(
2009
). Metrics for aircraft noise, ERCD Report 0904, London, UK. http://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/33/ERCD0904.pdf (Last viewed May 2015).
21.
Khodayari
,
A.
,
Olsen
,
S. C.
, and
Wuebbles
,
D. J.
(
2014
). “
Evaluation of aviation NOx-induced radiative forcings for 2005 and 2050
,”
Atmos. Environ.
91
,
95
103
.
22.
Kragh
,
J.
,
Plovising
,
B.
,
Storeheier
,
S. A.
, and
Jonasson
,
H. G.
(
2001
). “
Nordic Environmental Noise Prediction Methods, Nord 2000, Summary Report, General Nordic Sound Propagation Model and Applications in Source-Related Prediction Methods
,” Acoustics and Vibrations, Danish Electronics, Light & Acoustics, Lyngby, Denmark, http://share.madebydelta.com/wp-content/publications/akustik/paper_og_rapport/Nordic_Environmental_Noise_Prediction_Methods_Nord2000_Summary_Report_-_Prediction_Methods.pdf (Last viewed June 2015).
23.
Kroesen
,
M.
,
Molin
,
E. J. E.
, and
van Wee
,
B.
(
2008
). “
Testing a theory of aircraft noise annoyance: A structural equation analysis
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
123
(
6
),
4250
4260
.
24.
Ky
,
P.
,
Schoeffmann
,
E.
, and
Platteau
,
E.
(
2009
). “
Delivering green results – A summary of European AIRE project results in 2009
,”
SESAR Joint
Undertaking, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.sesarju.eu/sites/default/files/AIRE_Executive_Summary.pdf (Last viewed November 2016).
25.
Lawton
,
R. N.
, and
Fujiwara
,
D.
(
2016
). “
Living with aircraft noise: Airport proximity, aviation noise and subjective wellbeing in England
,”
Transport. Res. D-TR E
42
,
104
118
.
26.
Lee
,
D. S.
,
Fahey
,
D. W.
,
Forster
,
P. M.
,
Newton
,
P. J.
,
Wit
,
R. C.
,
Lim
,
L. L.
,
Owen
,
B.
, and
Sausen
,
R.
(
2009
). “
Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century
,”
Atmos. Environ.
43
(
22
),
3520
3537
.
27.
Lee
,
J.
,
Cebrian
,
G.
,
Edmonds
,
L.
,
Patel
,
J.
, and
Weston
,
E.
(
2013
). “
Noise exposure contours for Gatwick airport 2013
,” Rep. 1402, Environmental Research and Consultancy Department, U.K. Civil Aviation Authority, London, UK, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20161125114940/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/363233/LGW_2013_report.pdf (Last viewed July 2015).
28.
NASA
(
2009
). “
Environmentally responsible aviation project: Integrated systems research program
,” http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/aero/pdf/2009_05_14_nrc_tony_strazisar3.pdf (Last viewed February 2017).
29.
Ollerhead
,
B. J.
,
Rhodes
,
D. P.
,
Viinikainen
,
M. S.
,
Monkman
,
D. J.
, and
Woodley
,
A. C.
(
1999
). “
The UK Civil Aircraft Noise Contour Model ANCON: Improvements in Version 2
,” Rep. 9842, Environmental Research and Consultancy Department, U.K. Civil Aviation Authority, London, UK, https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/33/ERCD9842.PDF (Last viewed February 2017).
30.
Stewart
,
E. C.
, and
Carson
,
T. M.
(
1979
). “
A closed-form solution for noise contours
,” NASA Tech. Pap. 1432, Washington, D.C., http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19800003620.pdf (Last viewed March 2015).
31.
Stewart
,
E. C.
, and
Carson
,
T. M.
(
1980
). “
Simple method for prediction of aircraft noise contours
,”
J. Aircraft
17
,
828
830
.
32.
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
(
1986
). “
Procedure for the computation of airplane noise in the vicinity of airports
,”
Aerospace Information Report No. 1845
(SAE International).
33.
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
(
2006
). Prediction method for lateral attenuation of airplane noise during take-off and landing, AIR-5662 (SAE International).
34.
Sustainable Aviation (SA)
(
2013
). The SA noise road-map: A blueprint for managing noise from aviation sources to 2050. http://www.sustainableaviation.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/SA-Noise-Roadmap-Publication-version1.pdf (Last viewed August 2014).
35.
Torija
,
A. J.
,
Flindell
,
I. H.
, and
Self
,
R. H.
(
2016
). “
Subjective dominance as a basis for selecting frequency weightings
,”
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
140
(
2
),
843
854
.
36.
Zaporozhets
,
O.
,
Tokarev
,
V.
, and
Attenborough
,
K.
(
2012
).
Aircraft Noise: Assessment, Prediction and Control
(
Taylor and Francis
,
Boca Raton, FL
).

Supplementary Material

You do not currently have access to this content.